{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,3]],"date-time":"2026-06-03T14:58:48Z","timestamp":1780498728114,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":27,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773964800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":19,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,1]],"date-time":"2026-03-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772323200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the clinical features of corneal endotheliitis in Shiba Inu dogs that differ from typical \u201cblue eye,\u201d and to compare this condition with primary corneal endothelial degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals Studied<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sixteen Shiba Inu dogs (30 eyes) diagnosed with corneal endotheliitis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records were retrospectively reviewed. Clinical findings, vaccination history, treatment, and outcomes were evaluated. Ophthalmic examinations included slit\u2010lamp biomicroscopy, specular microscopy, and optical coherence tomography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The mean age of affected dogs was 5.9\u2009\u00b1\u20093.7\u2009years, which was significantly younger than that of dogs with primary corneal endothelial degeneration. No clear temporal relationship was observed between vaccination and disease onset. The affected eyes exhibited conjunctival hyperemia, characteristic geographic corneal endothelial opacities, and localized corneal edema. Corneal endothelial cell density was significantly lower than that in clinically normal eyes but significantly higher than that in Shiba Inu dogs with primary corneal endothelial degeneration. Optical coherence tomography revealed hyper\u2010reflective areas on the endothelial surface of the cornea. Topical steroidal anti\u2010inflammatory therapy achieved rapid resolution of inflammatory signs and improvement of corneal edema in all cases; however, recurrence occurred in some eyes during tapering. Endothelial opacities persisted after resolution of inflammation, and gradual endothelial cell loss was observed in some eyes during long\u2010term follow\u2010up.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Corneal endotheliitis in Shiba Inu dogs is characterized by geographic endothelial opacity, localized corneal edema, and favorable response to anti\u2010inflammatory therapy. The clinical features, younger age of onset, and milder corneal endothelial damage suggest that this condition may differ from primary corneal endothelial degeneration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70169","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]],"date-time":"2026-03-20T11:16:44Z","timestamp":1774005404000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Clinical Characterization of Corneal Endotheliitis With Distinctive Features in Shiba Inu Dogs"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-4718-5193","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maresuke","family":"Morita","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-1777-8510","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mao","family":"Inagaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8650-6745","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kensuke","family":"Usami","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8192-3143","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hiroyuki","family":"Komatsu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Tokyo Medical University  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-0762-736X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Minori","family":"Akasaka","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-5410-7574","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kayo","family":"Kumashiro","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5377-6772","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yukihiro","family":"Miwa","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Aichi Animal Eye Clinic  Aichi Japan"},{"name":"Laboratory of Photobiology, Department of Ophthalmology Keio University School of Medicine  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6211-1174","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yoshitaka","family":"Kobayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Care\u2010Tokyo Animal Eye Clinic  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,20]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","first-page":"1082","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Whitley R. 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