{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,7]],"date-time":"2026-07-07T16:24:05Z","timestamp":1783441445887,"version":"3.54.6"},"reference-count":63,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1782864000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize the spectrum and frequency of ocular abnormalities associated with facial nerve dysfunction (FND) in dogs and to assess clinical outcomes, with specific comparison between brachycephalic (BC) and non\u2010brachycephalic (NBC) breeds:<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records of dogs with FND evaluated between 2009 and 2023 at the Ophthalmology Service of the Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari, Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona, were retrospectively reviewed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Seventy\u2010four dogs (84 eyes) were included, with French Bulldog being the most frequently affected breed\u00a0(20; 27.0%). Facial nerve paralysis affected 63.1% of eyes, whereas paresis\u00a0affected\u00a036.9%. The main etiologies were idiopathic (14.9%), iatrogenic (13.5%), and otitis media\/interna (12.2%). Corneal sensitivity and Schirmer tear test I were significantly reduced in affected eyes, without significant differences between skull types. Ulcerative keratitis occurred in 61.9% of eyes, being more frequent and severe in BC dogs (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.007). Facial function recovered in 47.6% of dogs. Recovery was unaffected by age or skull type, differed significantly by sex (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.043), and tended to be higher in dogs with paresis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.075). Worse ocular outcomes were linked to lower esthesiometry values (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.023) and to the presence of anterior uveitis (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.037). At the end of the study, 14 eyes (17.6%) were enucleated.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>FND carries a guarded prognosis in dogs, with fewer than half achieving functional recovery. Ocular surface disorders, particularly neurogenic keratoconjunctivitis sicca and neuroparalytic ulcerative keratitis, were frequent and often led to poor outcomes, especially in BC dogs. Early ophthalmic management is crucial to preserve vision.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70219","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]],"date-time":"2026-07-01T20:32:14Z","timestamp":1782937934000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Ocular Manifestations in Dogs With Facial Nerve Dysfunction"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3705-4128","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"L.","family":"Gaztelu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d'Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2378-0946","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"M.","family":"Leiva","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d'Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Bellaterra Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8809-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"T.","family":"Pe\u00f1a","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Servei d'Oftalmologia, Fundaci\u00f3 Hospital Cl\u00ednic Veterinari Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Bellaterra Spain"},{"name":"Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia Animals, Facultat de Veterin\u00e0ria Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Bellaterra Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0716-8784","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"J.","family":"R\u00edos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Biostatistics Unit, School of Medicine Universitat Aut\u00f2noma de Barcelona  Barcelona Spain"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,1]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","volume-title":"Miller and Evans' Anatomy of the Dog","author":"Hermanson J. 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