{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:12Z","timestamp":1788944952778,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783728000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100002322","name":"Coordena\u00e7\u00e3o de Aperfei\u00e7oamento de Pessoal de N\u00edvel Superior","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100002322","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate and compare Tear Ferning Test (TFT) grades among French Bulldogs, Pugs, and Shih Tzus; to determine the inter\u2010observer agreement for subjective TFT grading; and to assess the association between subjective TFT classification and quantitative stereological analysis using Stepanizer.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Seventy\u2010five healthy brachycephalic dogs (150 eyes; 25 French Bulldogs, 25 Pugs, 25 Shih Tzus) underwent standard ophthalmic exams. These included Schirmer Tear Test\u20101 (STT\u20101), tear film break\u2010up time (TBUT), and Rose Bengal dyeing. TFT results were classified as healthy or unhealthy using the Masmali and Rolando scales. These results were correlated with Stepanizer point counts via linear regression. Interbreed comparisons were performed.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      TFT grades did not differ among breeds. The Masmali scale, compared to the Rolando scale, identified a higher number of unhealthy eyes across all groups (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.01). Both the Masmali and Rolando scales showed significant associations with Stepanizer point counts (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), but the association was stronger for the Rolando scale.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Both the Masmali and Rolando scales enabled classification of tears as healthy or unhealthy and were associated with stereological analysis. The stereological tool showed a stronger association with the Rolando scale than with the Masmali scale. Use of the Rolando scale with Step points may provide a more objective TFT interpretation and reduce subjectivity in clinical practice.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70222","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]],"date-time":"2026-07-11T14:11:38Z","timestamp":1783779098000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Masmali and Rolando Scales in Distinct Brachycephalic Dogs: Healthy or Unhealthy Tears?"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0197-5566","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paulo Henrique Sampaio","family":"da Silva","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Ophthalmology University of Brasilia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Isabella Torminn Fleury","family":"Castanheira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Ophthalmology University of Brasilia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Luana Raphaela Sousa","family":"Campos","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Ophthalmology University of Brasilia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6496-2538","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paula Diniz","family":"Galera","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Comparative Ophthalmology University of Brasilia  Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13054"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13022"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010024\u201000724\u20102"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12524"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12751"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002081"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12966"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13044"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010024\u201010610\u2010x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13256"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ani14040580"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","first-page":"305","article-title":"Structure and Microanalysis of Tear Film Ferning of Camel Tears, Human Tears, and Refresh Plus","volume":"24","author":"Masmali A. M.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Molecular Vision"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13028\u2010020\u201000523\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jmp.12368"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12268"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13222"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/med.21716"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_19_1","first-page":"32","article-title":"Tear Mucus Ferning Test in Normal and Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Eyes","volume":"2","author":"Rolando M.","year":"1984","journal-title":"Chibret International Journal of Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clae.2014.09.007"},{"issue":"9","key":"e_1_2_13_21_1","first-page":"41","article-title":"Tear Ferning Test as a Valuable Tool to Determine the Quality of Tear Film in Animals and Human","volume":"12","author":"Alanazi M. A.","year":"2021","journal-title":"EC Ophthalmology"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010025\u201010967\u20107"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/eye.2008.293"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000050838"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci12090889"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.rvsc.2026.106163"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70222","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.70222","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70222","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:46:08Z","timestamp":1788943568000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.70222"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.70222"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.70222","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,11]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-08","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-05-30","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-11","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70222"}}