{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:09Z","timestamp":1788944949807,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1783987200000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n \n Objective<\/jats:title>\n To evaluate the immediate effect of therapeutic ultraviolet\u2010C (UVC) irradiation on corneal bacterial load in veterinary patients with microbial keratitis (MK), using a retrospective analysis of clinical data collected at a UK referral ophthalmology hospital.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Animals Studied<\/jats:title>\n Client\u2010owned dogs, horses, and cats presented to a referral ophthalmology clinic with MK in 2025.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Procedures<\/jats:title>\n \n Clinical records from MK cases were reviewed. For each case, paired corneal swabs were obtained immediately before and immediately after UVC irradiation with a commercially available 265\u2009nm device (PhotonUVC). Treatment consisted of a single 5\u2010s exposure at 3.5\u2009mW\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n (fluence 17.5\u2009mJ\/cm\n 2<\/jats:sup>\n ). Bacterial colony\u2010forming units (CFU) were quantified by culture. The primary outcome was the percent reduction in CFU; secondary outcomes included proportion of culture\u2010negative results after UVC, laterality (right eye (OD) vs. left eye (OS)), and species subgroup comparisons.\n <\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Results<\/jats:title>\n A total of 34 eyes from 30 patients (25 canine, 6 equine, 3 feline) met the inclusion criteria. Median (IQR) CFU decreased from 89.5 (30.3\u201314\u2009400) pre\u2010UVC to 15 (0\u2013207) post\u2010UVC. Median percent reduction was 96.5% (88.5\u2013100.0%); mean 92.3\u2009\u00b1\u20099.6%. A total of 11 of 34 eyes (32%) were culture\u2010negative after UVC, and 32\/34 (94%) showed \u2265\u200975% reduction. Reductions were observed across all major pathogens, including Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Pseudomonas, and coliforms.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>\n \n Conclusions and Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n In this cohort of patients, a single low\u2010dose UVC exposure produced substantial immediate reductions in corneal bacterial load in veterinary MK patients. These findings support further controlled trials to define the role of UVC as an adjunct to conventional antimicrobial therapy.<\/jats:p>\n <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70230","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]],"date-time":"2026-07-14T09:34:12Z","timestamp":1784021652000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Efficacy of Therapeutic\n UVC<\/scp>\n Irradiation in Reducing Bacterial Load in Microbial Keratitis: A Retrospective Clinical Study in Veterinary Patients"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0005-7665-1795","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Christopher J.","family":"Dixon","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Vision Penrith UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gary A.","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Veterinary Vision Penrith UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.583965"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13160"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12897"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/vetsci10020066"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"385","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Clode A. L.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.02.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1442\u20109071.2010.02471.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2022.05.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jphotobiol.2024.113091"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2021.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/antibiotics14040361"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"Photon Therapeutics PhotonUVC device overviewaccessed at September 2025 https:\/\/photon\u2010therapeutics.com."},{"issue":"6","key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","first-page":"52","article-title":"Use of Ultraviolet\u2010C in Environmental Sterilization in Hospitals: A Systematic Review on Efficacy and Safety","volume":"14","author":"Ramos C. C. R.","year":"2020","journal-title":"International Journal of Health Sciences(Qassim)"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1021\/acsphotonics.0c01245"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/aem.43.2.371\u2010377.1982"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0010(20000501)80:6<637::AID-JSFA603>3.0.CO;2-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-023-51014-2"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70230","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.70230","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70230","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:45:54Z","timestamp":1788943554000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.70230"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"references-count":19,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.70230"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.70230","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,14]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-23","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-14","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70230"}}