{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:14Z","timestamp":1788944954013,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":15,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]],"date-time":"2026-07-30T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785369600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Introduction<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The use of amniotic membrane (AM) has become well established in the treatment of ocular surface disorders in both humans and animals. However, comparative studies of AM from different species remain scarce.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare the thickness and biomechanical properties of equine, canine, porcine, and ovine AMs with those of human AM.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Placentas were collected, and AMs were manually separated from the chorion. All AM samples were cryopreserved in a 1:1 solution of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium (DMEM) and glycerin at \u221280\u00b0C for 60\u2009days. After thawing, samples underwent thickness, histological, and biomechanical analyses.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Porcine and canine AMs had an average thickness of 0.054\u2009mm, while ovine AM averaged 0.017\u2009mm. Equine and human AMs had average thicknesses of 0.070 and 0.068\u2009mm, respectively. The key mechanical properties evaluated were maximum tensile force (in Newtons) and stiffness (N\/mm), derived from the force\u2010displacement curve. Equine AM exhibited the highest mean maximum tensile force (5.21\u2009N), followed by human (2.17\u2009N), ovine (1.35\u2009N), canine (1.34\u2009N), and porcine (0.52\u2009N). Equine AM also demonstrated the highest mean stiffness (0.91\u2009N\/mm), followed by human (0.51\u2009N\/mm), ovine (0.46\u2009N\/mm), canine (0.27\u2009N\/mm), and porcine (0.15\u2009N\/mm).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Equine AM closely resembles human AM in terms of thickness and mechanical behavior. Moreover, equine AM demonstrated superior biomechanical performance, suggesting its potential as a robust alternative biomaterial for ocular surface reconstruction.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70236","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,31]],"date-time":"2026-07-31T04:02:56Z","timestamp":1785470576000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Morphological and Biomechanical Characterization of Amniotic Membranes Across Species: Equine, Canine, Porcine, Ovine, and Human Samples\u2014A Pilot Study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4857-5631","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michelle Becker","family":"Petersen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5295-4979","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maiara Poersch","family":"Seibel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0218-2296","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eduarda Correa","family":"Freitas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8793-8194","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claudete In\u00eas","family":"Locatelli","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9596-0228","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ana B\u00e1rbara Krummenauer","family":"Formenton","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8548-8935","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jakson Manfredini","family":"Vassoler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0604-2776","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S\u00e9rgio","family":"Kwitko","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital de Cl\u00ednicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0050-5039","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Diane Ruschel","family":"Marinho","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1541-9133","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jo\u00e3o Antonio Tadeu","family":"Pigatto","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS)  Porto Alegre RS Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0078441"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"58","article-title":"Amniotic Membrane Transplantation","volume":"2","author":"Baradaran R. 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K.","year":"2018","journal-title":"Brazilian Journal of Periodontology"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","first-page":"197","article-title":"Tensile Properties of Amniotic Membrane","volume":"112","author":"Tanaka K.","year":"2010","journal-title":"High\u2010Performance Structural Materials"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00441-012-1424-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.msec.2019.109903"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cryobiol.2011.08.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.biologicals.2008.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10561-017-9618-5"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70236","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.70236","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70236","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:46:53Z","timestamp":1788943613000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.70236"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"references-count":15,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.70236"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.70236","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,30]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2025-04-26","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-03","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-07-30","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70236"}}