{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:12Z","timestamp":1788944952394,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1785974400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The goal of this retrospective study is to evaluate the complications following nictitating membrane resection in horses with the aim of providing valuable information on the risks of this surgical procedure.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Animals<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>83 horses (92 eyes).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Procedures<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Medical records for 83 horses that underwent nictitating membrane resection in 92 eyes between February 2015 and June 2024 were reviewed. Horses were included if they had at least 1\u2009month of follow\u2010up data available. Owners were contacted via telephone or email questionnaire to obtain follow\u2010up information. Complications were recorded only when present in the surgical eye and not in the contralateral eye. Owner\u2010reported findings were included only when they were persistent at the time of follow\u2010up or noted beyond the immediate postoperative period (&gt;\u20091\u2009week).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall owner reported complication rate was 28.2% (26\/92). Complications that occurred within 1\u2009week of surgery were fat prolapse (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094; 4.3%) and hemorrhage (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091; 1.1%). Long\u2010term complications noted by owners included epiphora (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200921; 22.8%) and conjunctivitis (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20099; 9.8%). The incidence of fat prolapse was low, with no cases reported when sutures were placed (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.80). There were follow\u2010up examinations performed for 39 horses and 23.1% had complications. These included epiphora (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20094; 10.3%), conjunctival adhesion (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20091; 2.6%), fat prolapse (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092; 5.1%), and enophthalmos (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20092; 5.1%).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Clinical Relevance<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Overall complications reported by owners and found on examination were minor and easily managed. Chronic mild epiphora is the most common complication that persists after the nictitating membrane resection procedure and should be reviewed with owners.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70243","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]],"date-time":"2026-08-06T11:12:06Z","timestamp":1786014726000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Complications Following Nictitating Membrane Resection in Horses: 92 Eyes (2015\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0007-0198-6050","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tiantian","family":"Wu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4654-0569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Darko","family":"Stefanovski","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2300-2677","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nicole M.","family":"Scherrer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine University of Pennsylvania  Kennett Square Pennsylvania USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,6]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_13_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0002-9394(67)90568-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1977.170.02.202"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1984.185.06.656"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.02.251"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_6_1","first-page":"66","article-title":"Basal Cell Tumour of Third Eyelid in a Horse","volume":"14","author":"Baril C.","year":"1973","journal-title":"Canadian Veterinary Journal"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516400777612017"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2010.00840.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/104063870802000124"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2746\/042516406776866336"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2012.01016.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.2042\u20103306.2011.00486.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.245.7.812"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1991.198.02.298"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463-5224.2005.00358.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.1974.165.07.617"},{"key":"e_1_2_13_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/vr.165.25.740"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_13_18_1","first-page":"261","article-title":"Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca Associated With Third Eyelid Removal in Dogs","volume":"202","author":"Morgan R. 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