{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:12Z","timestamp":1788944952378,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":37,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1787270400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To investigate the bacterial spectrum and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of isolates obtained from canine corneal ulcers, assessing possible associations with breed, season, and multidrug resistance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A retrospective review was conducted on corneal ulcers from 112 dogs between May 2021 and June 2024 at a specialized veterinary ophthalmology clinic in Berlin, Germany. Bacteriological cultures and antimicrobial susceptibility tests (ASTs) were analyzed according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Brachycephalic breeds represented 79.5% of affected dogs. Positive bacterial growth was obtained in 79.5% (89\/112) of samples, yielding 107 isolates. Gram\u2010positive organisms predominated (72.2%), mainly\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      (27.8%) and \u03b2\u2010hemolytic\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      (19.4%). Among 100 isolates tested, 59% were resistant to penicillins, while 71% were susceptible to aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, 73% to amoxicillin\u2013clavulanate, and 78% to tetracyclines. Multidrug resistance (MDR) occurred in 27% of isolates.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">\n                        <jats:italic>Staphylococcus pseudintermedius<\/jats:italic>\n                      <\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and \u03b2\u2010hemolytic\n                      <jats:italic>Streptococcus<\/jats:italic>\n                      were the main bacterial agents associated with infected canine corneal ulcers. The relatively high frequency of MDR isolates emphasizes the need for culture\u2010based therapy and ongoing regional surveillance to guide empirical antibiotic use.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70253","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]],"date-time":"2026-08-21T11:51:15Z","timestamp":1787313075000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Patterns of Bacterial Infection and Antibiotic Resistance in Canine Corneal Ulcers: A Retrospective Analysis (Berlin, Germany, 2021\u20132024)"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8967-0753","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Adriana","family":"Morales","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"CIVG \u2010 Vasco Da Gama Research Center \u2013 EUVG \u2010 Vasco Da Gama University School  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Onevetgroup University Veterinary Hospital of Coimbra (HVUC)  Coimbra Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9383-1310","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Esmeralda","family":"Delgado","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Faculty of Veterinary Medicine CIISA \u2013 Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Animal Health, University of Lisbon  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences AL4AnimalS  Lisbon Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3976-1619","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hugo","family":"Vilhena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"CIVG \u2010 Vasco Da Gama Research Center \u2013 EUVG \u2010 Vasco Da Gama University School  Coimbra Portugal"},{"name":"Associate Laboratory for Animal and Veterinary Sciences AL4AnimalS  Lisbon Portugal"},{"name":"Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV) University of Tr\u00e1s\u2010Os\u2010Montes E Alto Douro  Vila Real Portugal"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Clinics School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences ICBAS\u2010UP, University of Porto  Porto Portugal"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2939-4213","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ingrid","family":"Allgoewer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Animal Eye Practice  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_12_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1292\/jvms.18\u20100045"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_3_1","first-page":"1082","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Whitley R. D.","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s13620\u2010021\u201000183\u20105"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0123827"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13022"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13054"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamaophthalmol.2020.0155"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.583965"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00070\u201019"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/ceo.14377"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00417\u2010017\u20103608\u2010y"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_13_1","volume-title":"One Health Initiative Task Force","author":"King L.","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1469-0691.2011.03570.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13224"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12325"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2005.04061.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1463\u20105224.2008.00579.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/s0195\u20105616(00)05012\u20109"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13160"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fvets.2020.00558"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1365\u20103164.2011.00979.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13080"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12885"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/jsap.13462"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12897"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.12808"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICL.0000000000000213"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.envres.2022.114146"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/22221751.2024.2353291"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/spectrum.02342\u201021"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11259\u2010024\u201010508\u20108"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkq078"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2460\/javma.240.12.1450"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jac\/dkh332"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7759\/cureus.14895"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinmicnews.2024.03.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_12_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3892\/etm.2021.11060"}],"container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70253","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vop.70253","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vop.70253","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T08:46:32Z","timestamp":1788943592000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vop.70253"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"references-count":37,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vop.70253"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vop.70253","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["1463-5216","1463-5224"],"issn-type":[{"value":"1463-5216","type":"print"},{"value":"1463-5224","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,21]]},"assertion":[{"value":"2026-01-13","order":0,"name":"received","label":"Received","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-13","order":2,"name":"accepted","label":"Accepted","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}},{"value":"2026-08-21","order":3,"name":"published","label":"Published","group":{"name":"publication_history","label":"Publication History"}}],"article-number":"e70253"}}