{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T09:09:13Z","timestamp":1788944953557,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788480000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":3,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,1]],"date-time":"2026-09-01T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788220800000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Objective<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Anions in tears may be related to the pathogenesis of ocular surface diseases. A comprehensive method that can detect small quantities of anions in human tears has been developed. However, the differences in individual anion concentrations between tears and plasma remain unclear. This study investigated anion concentrations in dog tears.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To compare anion concentrations between tear and plasma samples in canines, 12 eyes of six healthy purpose\u2010bred research Beagles (unneutered males, 3\u2009years old) were investigated. Additionally, the tears of canines with various diseases were examined. Procedure: Anion concentrations were assessed using a commercially available ion chromatography system. For this, at least 10\u2009\u03bcL of tears were collected in a glass capillary tube and diluted with 300\u2009\u03bcL of distilled water; plasma was obtained by centrifuging collected blood samples, which were then diluted 100\u2010fold before chromatography.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Anion concentrations differed significantly between the tears and plasma of Beagles. The average concentrations (mg\/L) of anions in tears of Beagles were as follows: Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 5374.06\u2009\u00b1\u2009157.06; Br\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 27.84\u2009\u00b1\u20091.43; NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 0.70\u2009\u00b1\u20090.65; HPO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 77.54\u2009\u00b1\u200914.36; and SO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 16.41\u2009\u00b1\u20098.17. In plasma, the values were as follows: Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 4603.81\u2009\u00b1\u2009542.52; Br\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 18.34\u2009\u00b1\u20092.78; NO\n                      <jats:sub>3<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 1.31\u2009\u00b1\u20090.87; HPO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 83.63\u2009\u00b1\u200921.04; and SO\n                      <jats:sub>4<\/jats:sub>\n                      <jats:sup>2\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , 105.14\u2009\u00b1\u200921.86. No statistically significant differences in anion concentrations were observed between tears from diseased and non\u2010diseased eyes of canines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Herein, we observed that certain anions, such as Br\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      and Cl\n                      <jats:sup>\u2212<\/jats:sup>\n                      , were consistently elevated in tear fluid than in the plasma.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70262","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]],"date-time":"2026-09-04T09:31:54Z","timestamp":1788514314000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Measurement of Anions in Dog Tear Fluid Using Ion Chromatography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-7073-8832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Saito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Toho University Omori Medical Center  Ota Tokyo Japan"},{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University  Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7396-348X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takashi","family":"Suzuki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Toho University Omori Medical Center  Ota Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yukina","family":"Kato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Toho University Omori Medical Center  Ota Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0295-5014","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Takanori","family":"Narita","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University  Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2525-9265","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ken","family":"Okabayashi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Bioresource Sciences Nihon University  Fujisawa Kanagawa Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3781-7976","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yuichi","family":"Hori","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Ophthalmology Toho University Omori Medical Center  Ota Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtos.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/OPX.0b013e3181bc63cc"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","first-page":"21","volume-title":"Advances in Organ Biology","author":"Dartt D. 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