{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,11,10]],"date-time":"2026-11-10T09:23:53Z","timestamp":1794302633005,"version":"4.9.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1788912000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To evaluate the central corneal thickness (CCT) and corneal epithelial thickness (CET) in dogs affected by dry eye disease (DED) using optical coherence tomography (OCT).<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Sixty\u2010three canine eyes were allocated into two groups: healthy dogs, without clinical signs of dry eye disease (DED) and Schirmer tear test\u20101 (STT\u20101) values \u2265\u200915\u2009mm\/min (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200929 eyes), and DED\u2010affected dogs, exhibiting clinical signs of DED and STT\u20101 values &lt;\u200915\u2009mm\/min (\n                      <jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200934 eyes). The OCT software automatically generated a 17\u2010section corneal pachymetry map within a 6\u2010mm diameter. The thickness of the corneal epithelium was measured manually. Only scans with a quality score of 27 or greater and proven to be free of motion artifacts were accepted for data collection. The Mann\u2013Whitney\n                      <jats:italic>U<\/jats:italic>\n                      test and Spearman's correlation were used to analyze the data.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      When comparing the CET of healthy dogs with dogs DED\u2010affected, a median of 73.0\u2009\u03bcm (interquartile range [IQR]\u2009=\u20099.0) and 105.0\u2009\u03bcm (IQR\u2009=\u200971.0) were obtained, respectively, demonstrating a statistically significant difference (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). A moderate negative correlation was observed between STT\u20101 and CET (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.581). A moderate\u2010to\u2010strong inverse association was observed between tear film breakup time (TFBUT) and CET (\n                      <jats:italic>r<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22120.66). Dogs with DED exhibited epithelial thickening accompanied by a marked reduction or loss of hyperreflective epithelial interfaces, as well as increased hyperreflectivity within the epithelial layer.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>DED\u2010affected dogs exhibited a pronounced increase in CET. Both STT\u20101 and TFBUT values were directly associated with CET in DED\u2010affected dogs.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70266","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,10]],"date-time":"2026-09-10T04:13:11Z","timestamp":1789013591000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evaluation of the Cornea of Dogs With Dry Eye Disease Using Spectral Domain Optical Coherence Tomography"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5601-9507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"F\u00e1bio L. da C.","family":"Brito","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Veterinary Ophthalmology (CEOVET)  Recife and Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Maria Fernanda X. S.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Veterinary Ophthalmology (CEOVET)  Recife and Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4976-6934","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jessica N.","family":"Voitena","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Excellence in Veterinary Ophthalmology (CEOVET)  Recife and Fortaleza Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1894-8839","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eric C.","family":"Ledbetter","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine Cornell University  Ithaca New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3933-8864","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Fabiano","family":"Montiani\u2010Ferreira","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Veterinary Medicine Federal University of  Paran\u00e1 Paran\u00e1 Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/1743444020181435271"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13044"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.13066"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ICO.0000000000002081"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","first-page":"1008","volume-title":"Veterinary Ophthalmology","author":"Giuliano E. 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