{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T04:39:04Z","timestamp":1792471144186,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":74,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]],"date-time":"2026-10-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1792368000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":["onlinelibrary.wiley.com"],"crossmark-restriction":true},"short-container-title":["Veterinary Ophthalmology"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>ABSTRACT<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Purpose<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>To characterize changes to the pupillary margin in dogs of different ages.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The pupillary margin was scored for morphologic changes in normal eyes of dogs &lt;\u20093.5\u2009years and of dogs &gt;\u20099.5\u2009years of age. The pupillary margin was divided in eight sectors, with each sector scored qualitatively and quantitatively in four grades, from normal to entropion uveae.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Four\u2010hundred and nine eyes from 243 dogs were included. One\u2010hundred forty\u2010one eyes from 75 dogs &lt;\u20093.5\u2009years were scored. The averaged score was 0.07 OD and 0.09 OS. None of the dogs &lt;\u20091.5\u2009years had visible changes. Two\u2010hundred and sixty\u2010eight eyes from 168 dogs &gt;\u20099.5\u2009years were scored. All eyes were affected. The average score was 3.83 OD and 3.89 OS. The inferior\u2010temporal quadrant was the most affected in both groups. Older dogs had significantly higher scores of iris atrophy (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Atrophic changes of the pupillary margin occur in all dogs with age, starting at 16\u2009months in the population observed and are significantly more severe in older patients. This study provides an initial quantitative and qualitative scoring system to guide future work. Iridal changes likely result from biophysical interaction between the pupillary margin and the lens. The advanced changes may represent homeostatic responses to tissue damage. The missing tissue and its released molecules may constitute a chronic trigger for innate immunity. Pupillary margin changes may represent indicators of risk factors for the pathogenesis of age\u2010related clinical conditions in breeds with genetic predispositions.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vop.70283","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,20]],"date-time":"2026-10-20T03:54:18Z","timestamp":1792468458000},"update-policy":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1002\/crossmark_policy","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Age\u2010Related Pupillary Margin Atrophy in Dogs: Quantification, Topographic Distribution, and Possible Pathophysiologic Implications"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"29","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0114-559X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stefano","family":"Pizzirani","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Sciences, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine Tufts University  North Grafton Massachusetts USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10522\u2010004\u20107387\u20106"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgen.0030220"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/BF02837738"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/pgmj.2005.040857"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"S.Pizzirani S. 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