{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,21]],"date-time":"2026-07-21T12:19:43Z","timestamp":1784636383814,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1363737600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2013,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background<\/jats:title><jats:p>Although risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection are known, it is important for blood centres to understand local epidemiology and disease transmission patterns. Current risk factors for <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection in blood donors in Brazil were assessed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A case\u2013control study was conducted at large public blood centres located in four major cities between April 2009 and March 2011. Cases were persons whose donations were confirmed positive by enzyme immunoassays followed by Western blot confirmation. Audio computer\u2010assisted structured interviews (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ACASI<\/jats:styled-content>) were completed by all cases and controls. Multivariable logistic regression was used to estimate adjusted odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and associated 95% confidence intervals (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>There were 341 cases, including 47 with recently acquired infection, and 791 controls. Disclosed risk factors for both females and males were sex with an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010positive person <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 11\u00b73, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> (4\u00b71, 31\u00b77) and being an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDU<\/jats:styled-content> or sexual partner of an <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDU<\/jats:styled-content> [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 4\u00b765 (1\u00b78, 11\u00b77)]. For female blood donors, additional risk factors were having male sex partners who also are <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 13\u00b75 (3\u00b71, 59\u00b78)] and having unprotected sex with multiple sexual partners [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 5\u00b719 (2\u00b71, 12\u00b79)]. The primary risk factor for male blood donors was <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> activity [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AOR<\/jats:styled-content> 21\u00b76 (8\u00b78, 52\u00b79)]. Behaviours associated with recently acquired <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> were being a <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> or sex partner of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> [13\u00b782, (4\u00b77, 40\u00b73)] and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IVDU<\/jats:styled-content> [11\u00b747, (3\u00b70, 43\u00b72)].<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Risk factors in blood donors parallel those in the general population in Brazil. Identified risk factors suggest that donor compliance with selection procedures at the participating blood centres is inadequate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12028","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2013,3,20]],"date-time":"2013-03-20T06:51:10Z","timestamp":1363762270000},"page":"91-99","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":28,"title":["Risk factors for human immunodeficiency virus infection among Brazilian blood donors: a multicentre case\u2013control study using audio computer\u2010assisted structured interviews"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"105","author":[{"given":"C.","family":"de Almeida\u2010Neto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue\/Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"T. 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C.","family":"Le\u00e3o","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemope\/Hemocentro de Pernambuco Recife Pernambuco Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Miranda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas\/Hemocentro de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. C.","family":"Rocha","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Pr\u00f3\u2010Sangue\/Hemocentro de S\u00e3o Paulo S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"A. B.","family":"Carneiro\u2010Proietti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o Hemominas\/Hemocentro de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Minas Gerais Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B. 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