{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,21]],"date-time":"2025-02-21T08:26:40Z","timestamp":1740126400455,"version":"3.37.3"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"2","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1395273600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000850","name":"National Heart and Lung Institute","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RC3HL103273-01"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RC3HL103273-01"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000850","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Current <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FDA<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010approved culture\u2010based methods for the bacterial testing of platelet concentrate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>) can yield false\u2010negative results attributed to Poisson\u2010limited sampling errors incurred near the time of collection that result in undetectable bacterial concentrations. Testing <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> at the point of issue (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POI<\/jats:styled-content>) extends the incubation period for any contaminant bacteria increasing the probability of detection. Data are presented from time\u2013course experiments designed to simulate <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">POI<\/jats:styled-content> testing of bacterially contaminated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>s at different stages of growth using differential impedance sensing.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Study design and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Whole\u2010blood\u2010derived <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>s were typically spiked with low numbers of bacteria (approximately 100\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\/ml) and incubated under standard <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> storage conditions. Each infected unit was evaluated every two hours over a 12\u2010h period. All samples were treated with a chemical compound that induces stress in the bacterial cells only. The development of any bacterial stress was monitored by detecting changes in the dielectric properties of the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> using differential impedance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential impedance measurements and corresponding cell counts at the different time\u2010points are presented for six organisms implicated in post\u2010transfusion\u2013septic reactions. All infected <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content>s were detected once contaminant bacteria reached concentrations ranging between 0\u00b76\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup> and 6\u00a0\u00d7\u00a010<jats:sup>3<\/jats:sup>\u00a0<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\/ml irrespective of the phase of growth. Results were obtained within 30\u00a0min after the start of the assay and without the need for cell lysis or centrifugation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Differential impedance sensing can detect bacterial contamination in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PC<\/jats:styled-content> rapidly at concentrations below clinical thresholds known to cause adverse effects.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12144","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,3,20]],"date-time":"2014-03-20T11:25:40Z","timestamp":1395314740000},"page":"114-122","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Rapid detection of contaminant bacteria in platelet concentrate using differential impedance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"Z.","family":"Zhao","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Technologies, Inc. Woburn MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"A.","family":"Chalmers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Technologies, Inc. Woburn MA USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Rieder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"BioSense Technologies, Inc. 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