{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,6]],"date-time":"2025-11-06T20:00:14Z","timestamp":1762459214747},"reference-count":53,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1405555200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>One of the most controversial policies in blood transfusion worldwide is the permanent deferral from donating blood of men with sexual contacts to other men (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content>). This policy was implemented for safety reasons as sex between men is known to be a high risk factor for acquiring severe infectious diseases transmissible by blood transfusion. Sexual contacts among heterosexual persons may hold similar risks but a clear\u2010cut discrimination between different individual risks is impossible. Nevertheless, the current blood donor deferral periods defined by European Union (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">EU<\/jats:styled-content>) legislation depend on a distinction of different grades of risk with respect to sexual behaviour. Under the aegis of the Steering Committee on Blood Transfusion (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CD<\/jats:styled-content>\u2010P\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TS<\/jats:styled-content>) of the Council of Europe (CoE), an international working group evaluated epidemiological and behavioural data, modelling studies on residual risk and spread of infections, and studies on adherence to donor selection criteria. The aim was to distinguish sexual behaviour of different risk categories. It was concluded, that existing data confirm that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> and commercial sex workers (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CSW<\/jats:styled-content>) are groups at high risk. Any further grading lacks a scientific data base. Modelling studies indicate that adherence to deferral policies is of major relevance suggesting that good donor adherence may outweigh the small negative effects on blood safety postulated for changing from permanent to temporary deferral periods for high risk sexual behaviours. The fact that a considerable percentage of donors are <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">MSM<\/jats:styled-content> \u2013 despite the permanent deferral policy \u2013 demonstrates the need to increase donor understanding and adherence.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12179","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]],"date-time":"2014-07-17T04:37:14Z","timestamp":1405571834000},"page":"420-427","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":31,"title":["Sexual risk behaviour and donor deferral in Europe"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"107","author":[{"given":"R.","family":"Offergeld","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Robert Koch\u2010Institute Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"C.","family":"Kamp","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul\u2010Ehrlich\u2010Institute Langen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Heiden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Paul\u2010Ehrlich\u2010Institute Langen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"R.","family":"Norda","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Immunology, Genetics and Pathology Uppsala University Uppsala Sweden"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.\u2010E.","family":"Behr\u2010Gross","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"EDQM Council of Europe (CoE) Strasbourg France"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01489.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","unstructured":"COMMISSION DIRECTIVE 2004\/33\/EC of 22 March 2004 implementing Directive 2002\/98\/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards certain technical requirements for blood and blood components. Official Journal of the European Union Series L; March 2004:91\/25\u2010L91\/39. Available at:http:\/\/eur-lex.europa.eu\/legal-content\/EN\/TXT\/?qid=1404132755109&uri=CELEX:32004L0033[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2013.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Subordinate (ad hoc group of experts TS057 to the European Committee on Blood Transfusion of the Council of Europe (CD\u2010P\u2010TS)):Technical memorandum \u201cRisk behaviours having an impact on blood donor management. 2011. Available at:http:\/\/www.edqm.eu\/en\/Project-TS057-1564.html[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","unstructured":"Council of Europe:Resolution CM\/Res(2013)3 on sexual behaviours of blood donors that have an impact on transfusion safety (Adopted by the Committee of Ministers on 27 March 2013 at the 1166th meeting of the Ministers' Deputies). 2013. Available at:https:\/\/wcd.coe.int\/ViewDoc.jsp?Ref=CM\/Res(2013)3&Language=lanEnglish&Ver=original&BackColorInternet=DBDCF2&BackColorIntranet=FDC864&BackColorLogged= [Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","volume-title":"HIV\/AIDS Surveillance in Europe 2012","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control\/WHO Regional Office for Europe","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Institut de veille sanitaire:Journ\u00e9e mondiale de lutte contre le SIDA2013. Available at:http:\/\/www.unaids.org\/fr\/dataanalysis\/knowyourresponse\/countryprogressreports\/2014countries\/file 94909 fr..pdf[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"Van SighemA SmitC HolmanR et\u00a0al.:Monitoring Report 2012. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infection in the Netherlands. 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.hiv-monitoring.nl\/files\/1013\/5365\/4371\/HIV_MReport2012_web.pdf[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","first-page":"465","article-title":"Zum Welt\u2010AIDS\u2010Tag 2012","volume":"47","author":"RKI","year":"2012","journal-title":"Epi Bull"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-12-978"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Sechs Jahre STD\u2010Sentinel\u2010Surveillance in Deutschland","volume":"3","author":"RKI","year":"2010","journal-title":"Epid Bul"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","volume-title":"Implementing the Dublin Declaration on Partnership to Fight HIV\/AIDS in Europe and Central Asia: 2010 Progress Report","author":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control","year":"2010"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","volume-title":"The Collection, Testing and Use of Blood and Blood Components in Europe \u2013 2008 Report","author":"van der Poel CL","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","volume-title":"Trends and Observations on the Collection, Testing and Use of Blood and Blood Components in Europe. 2001\u20132008 Report","author":"Janssen MP","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","first-page":"438","article-title":"Surveillance \u00e9pid\u00e9miologique des donneurs de sang et risque r\u00e9siduel de transmission du VIH, de l'HTLV, du VHC et du VHB par transfusion en France entre 2008 et 2010","volume":"29","author":"Pillonel J","year":"2012","journal-title":"Bulletin \u00c9pid\u00e9miol Hebd"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00964.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_18_1","volume-title":"Sanquin Blood Supply. Annual Report 2011","author":"Sanquin Blood Supply Foundation","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_19_1","unstructured":"Epidemiologisk \u00c5rsrapport.Swedish Institute for Communicable Disease Control.2010. Available at:http:\/\/www.folkhalsomyndigheten.se\/pagefiles\/14997\/epidemiologisk-arsrapport-2010.pdf[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_20_1","first-page":"336","article-title":"11 Jahre nationales Referenzzentrum f\u00fcr Infektionen durch Blut und Blutprodukte","volume":"10","author":"Niederhauser C","year":"2010","journal-title":"Bull BAG"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_21_1","article-title":"Surveillance of viral infections in donated blood (England and Wales): annual report 2011","volume":"6","author":"Health Protection Agency","year":"2012","journal-title":"HPR"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-012-1516-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"8","DOI":"10.2807\/esm.10.02.00522-en","article-title":"Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C and hepatitis B infections among blood donors in Germany 2000\u20132002: risk of virus transmission and the impact of nucleic acid amplification testing","volume":"10","author":"Offergeld R","year":"2005","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_24_1","first-page":"20","article-title":"Residual risk of transfusion\u2010transmitted viral infections in Spain, 1997\u20102002, and impact of nucleic acid testing","volume":"2","author":"Alvarez do Barrio M","year":"2005","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_25_1","unstructured":"Estad\u00edstica estatal de centros y servicios de transfusi\u00f3n. SI\u2010SNST Available at:http:\/\/www.ine.es\/inebmenu\/mnu_salud.htm[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_26_1","unstructured":"Ministerio de Sanidad Servicios Sociales e I:Informe Hemovigilancia Ano 2011.2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.msssi.gob.es\/profesionales\/saludPublica\/medicinaTransfusional\/hemovigilancia\/docs\/Informe2011.pdf[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_27_1","unstructured":"Information Systems on New HIV Diagnoses (SINIVIH):Epidemiological surveillance of HIV in Spain. New HIV diagnoses in Spain 2003\u20132009 National Centre of Epidemiology 2010. Available at:http:\/\/www.msssi.gob.es\/ciudadanos\/enfLesiones\/enfTransmisibles\/sida\/vigilancia\/SINIVIH_junio2010__ENG_REV.pdf[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_28_1","first-page":"441","article-title":"Changing blood donor screening criteria from permanent deferral for men who have sex with men to individual sexual risk assessment: no evidence of a significant impact on the human immunodeficiency virus epidemic in Italy","volume":"11","author":"Suligoi B","year":"2013","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"issue":"1","key":"e_1_2_10_29_1","first-page":"9","article-title":"The risk of HIV transmission by transfusion in Italy does not increase after the abolition of ban on blood donations from homosexual men (abstract)","volume":"93","author":"Velati C","year":"2007","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_30_1","unstructured":"GiampaoloA PiccininiV CatalanoL et\u00a0al.:Primo Programma di emovigilanza sulle reazioni avverse e gli errori trasfusionali in Italia:dati 2004\u20132005. Rome 2007. Available at:http:\/\/www.iss.it\/binary\/publ\/cont\/07-22.1189418036.pdf[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_31_1","first-page":"3","article-title":"Aggiornamento delle nuove diagnosi di infezione da HIV e dei casi di AIDS in Italia al 31 dicembre 2011","volume":"10","author":"Suligoi B","year":"2012","journal-title":"Not Ist Super Sanit\u00e0"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_32_1","unstructured":"SchmidtAJ MarcusU HamoudaO:KAB|a|STI\u2010Studie. RKI. Available at:http:\/\/www.rki.de\/DE\/Content\/InfAZ\/S\/STI\/Studien\/KABaSTI\/Abschlussbericht_KABaSTI.html[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_33_1","unstructured":"BochowM LenuweitS SekulerT et\u00a0al.:Schwule M\u00e4nner und HIV\/AIDS: Lebensstile Sex Schutz\u2010 und Risikoverhalten.2011. Available at:http:\/\/www.aidshilfe.de\/sites\/default\/files\/Bochowstudie_2012_Web.pdf[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_34_1","unstructured":"The Swedish National Board of Health and Welfare Supervising department Unit for Communicable Disease Prevention and Control:Summary of analyses on selection criteria for blood donors and requirements for methods of testing.2009; Reg.no.44\u20103935\/2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.d5604"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12024"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_37_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02124.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00281.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_39_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01491.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2011.01509.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_41_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1423-0410.2003.00295.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2010.01310.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2005.03421.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2007.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_46_1","first-page":"23","article-title":"Der einheitliche Spenderfragebogen","volume":"16","author":"Offergeld R","year":"2011","journal-title":"H\u00e4motherapie"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_47_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1989.29489242806.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_48_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000335581"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_49_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.healthplace.2013.11.004"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_50_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2011.03078.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_51_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01329.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_52_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12166"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_53_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12093"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_54_1","unstructured":"Health Protection Agency:Safe supplies: completing the picture. Annual review from the NHS Blood and Transplant\/Public Health England Epidemiology Unit 2012. Available at:http:\/\/www.hpa.org.uk\/infections\/topics_az\/BIBD[Last accessed 30 June 2014]"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvox.12179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.12179","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T14:26:58Z","timestamp":1695997618000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.12179"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]},"references-count":53,"journal-issue":{"issue":"4","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2014,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.12179"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.12179","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2014,7,17]]}}}