{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,26]],"date-time":"2026-08-26T11:00:01Z","timestamp":1787742001789,"version":"build-2784847793"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1432857600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Determining whether anti\u2010D represents active or passive alloimmunization after RhIg administration is challenging. The objectives were to use antibody reaction strength to differentiate patients who may have become RhD alloimmunized during pregnancy from those manifesting passive anti\u2010D and to investigate which methods work best for this determination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Data were collected from patients residing in the Edmonton region of Canada, \u226518\u00a0years old, undergoing antibody screening in late pregnancy, who received 300\u00a0\u03bcg (1500 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">IU<\/jats:styled-content>) of RhIg in the preceding 120\u00a0days. A total of 1106 tests were performed on 1050 blood samples from 963 patients: 640 by <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content>, 156 by gel\u2010card and 310 by solid\u2010phase methodology.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> was the least sensitive to passive anti\u2010D, with significantly fewer positive results at \u22658\u00a0weeks after RhIg compared to the other methods. Strength of reactivity and time since RhIg injection could be used to identify patients at high risk using <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> as a 4+ reaction at any time, \u22653+ at &gt;2\u00a0weeks, \u22652+ at &gt;6\u00a0weeks and \u22651+ at &gt;14\u00a0weeks. Similarly, the gel\u2010card method thresholds were 4+ at &gt;5\u00a0weeks, \u22653+ at &gt;10\u00a0weeks and \u22652+ at &gt;15\u00a0weeks. Reaction strength by solid\u2010phase was too variable to establish useful thresholds by this method. Infant RhD status did not significantly affect results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients can be risk stratified for alloimmunization by anti\u2010D reaction strength and time after RhIg administration. The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">PEG<\/jats:styled-content> method was the best of those investigated, but the gel\u2010card method can also be used.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12302","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]],"date-time":"2015-05-29T20:19:32Z","timestamp":1432930772000},"page":"51-59","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Interpretation of pretransfusion testing in obstetrical patients who have received antepartum Rh immunoglobulin prophylaxis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"110","author":[{"given":"A. J.","family":"Szkotak","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"B.","family":"Lunty","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Covenant Health Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"S.","family":"Nahirniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"G.","family":"Clarke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology Alberta Health Services Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","first-page":"392","volume-title":"Technical Manual","author":"Chou ST","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"188","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-379","article-title":"Update on HDFN: new information on long\u2010standing controversies","volume":"22","author":"Eder AF","year":"2006","journal-title":"Immunohematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(96)00434-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"Births: final data for 2000","volume":"50","author":"Martin JA","year":"2002","journal-title":"Natl Vital Stat Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"631","volume-title":"Technical Manual","author":"Kennedy MS","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0029-7844(02)02180-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/87.5.633"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","volume-title":"Instructions for use: Anti\u2010Human Globulin Anti\u2010IgG (Rabbit) MTS\u2122 Anti\u2010IgG Card (Ref#: MTS084024) [Package Insert]","author":"Micro Typing Systems","year":"2008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"463","volume-title":"Technical Manual","author":"Walker PS","year":"2011"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"RobertH:Confidence interval calculator.www.pedro.org.au\/wp-content\/uploads\/CIcalculator.xls. Updated March 24 2011. Last accessed July 13 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19980430)17:8<857::AID-SIM777>3.0.CO;2-E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TAC.1974.1100705"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"82","volume-title":"Blood Transfusion in Clinical Medicine","author":"Mollison PL","year":"1997"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"138","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-681","article-title":"Detection of anti\u2010D following antepartum injections of Rh immune globulin","volume":"14","author":"Kennedy MS","year":"1998","journal-title":"Immunohematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"College of Physicians and Surgeons of Alberta:Alberta Laboratory Quality Enhancement Program (ALQEP). Transfusion Medicine \u2010 Survey Report 2013 and 2014.http:\/\/www.cpsa.ab.ca\/Services\/Quality_of_Care_Main\/ALQEP\/ALQEP_Transfusion_Medicine\/TM_surveyreports.aspx. Last accessed July 13 2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","unstructured":"College of American Pathologists:2011 Surveys & Anatomic Pathology Education Programs. ABT\u2010B ABT\u201005 Anti\u2010D Antibody Titer."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.28.706.49"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/api.wiley.com\/onlinelibrary\/tdm\/v1\/articles\/10.1111%2Fvox.12302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.12302","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,9,29]],"date-time":"2023-09-29T09:17:13Z","timestamp":1695979033000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.12302"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2016,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.12302"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.12302","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2015,5,29]]}}}