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When used for hemodynamic support, the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECMO<\/jats:styled-content> circuit presents a non\u2010endothelialized, artificial surface to blood inciting an inflammatory response which activates haemostatic pathways. Anticoagulation may complicate a pre\u2010existing coagulopathy and\/or inadequate surgical hemostasis of varying severity. There is no standardized method to achieve and monitor anticoagulation or guide transfusion therapy during <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECMO<\/jats:styled-content>. We tested the hypothesis that institutions across the world conduct similar management of anticoagulation and transfusion during adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECMO<\/jats:styled-content> support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>This is a descriptive, self\u2010reporting cross\u2010sectional survey of anticoagulation and transfusion practice for patients age 18 or older on <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECMO<\/jats:styled-content>. This 38 multiple\u2010choice question survey was sent to 166 institutions, internationally, utilizing adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECMO<\/jats:styled-content>. About 32\u00b74% (54) of institutions responded. Responses were anonymously collected. Descriptive analyses were calculated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Our findings indicate there appears to be a significant practice variation among institutions regarding anticoagulation and transfusion during adult <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECMO<\/jats:styled-content> support.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Discussion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The lack of standard practices among institutions may reflect a paucity of data regarding optimal anticoagulation and transfusion for patients requiring <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ECMO<\/jats:styled-content>. Standardized protocols for anticoagulation and transfusion may help increase quality of care for and reduce morbidity, mortality and cost to patients and healthcare centres. Further study is required for standardized, high quality care.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12514","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2017,5,3]],"date-time":"2017-05-03T05:28:40Z","timestamp":1493789320000},"page":"443-452","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":136,"title":["Adult extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: an international survey of transfusion and anticoagulation techniques"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"112","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4839-8030","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"S. A.","family":"Esper","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Anesthesiology University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh PA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"I. 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