{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,19]],"date-time":"2026-09-19T03:36:21Z","timestamp":1789788981009,"version":"4.0.1"},"reference-count":91,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,22]],"date-time":"2018-01-22T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1516579200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2018,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:p>Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TSE<\/jats:styled-content>s) are untreatable, fatal neurologic diseases affecting mammals. Human disease forms include sporadic, familial and acquired Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CJD<\/jats:styled-content>). While sporadic <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CJD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCJD<\/jats:styled-content>) has been recognized for near on 100\u00a0years, variant <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CJD<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vCJD<\/jats:styled-content>) was first reported in 1996 and is the result of food\u2010borne transmission of the prion of bovine spongiform encephalopathy (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSE<\/jats:styled-content>, \u2018mad cow disease\u2019). Currently, 230 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vCJD<\/jats:styled-content> cases have been reported in 12 countries, the majority in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content> (178) and France (27). Animal studies demonstrated highly efficient transmission of natural scrapie and experimental <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BSE<\/jats:styled-content> by blood transfusion and fuelled concern that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">sCJD<\/jats:styled-content> was potentially transfusion transmissible. No such case has been recorded and case\u2013control evaluations and lookback studies indicate that, if transfusion transmission occurs at all, it is very rare. In contrast, four cases of apparent transfusion transmission of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vCJD<\/jats:styled-content> infectivity have been identified in the <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">UK<\/jats:styled-content>. Risk minimization strategies in response to the threat of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vCJD<\/jats:styled-content> include leucodepletion, geographically based donor deferrals and deferral of transfusion recipients. A sensitive and specific, high\u2010throughput screening test would provide a potential path to mitigation but despite substantial effort no such test has yet appeared. The initial outbreak of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">vCJD<\/jats:styled-content> appears to be over, but concern remains about subsequent waves of disease among those already infected. There is considerable uncertainty about the size of the infected population, and there will be at least a perception of some continuing risk to blood safety. Accordingly, at least some precautionary measures will remain in place and continued surveillance is necessary.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12631","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,1,23]],"date-time":"2018-01-23T01:36:35Z","timestamp":1516671395000},"page":"220-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":60,"title":["Creutzfeldt\u2010Jakob disease and blood transfusion safety"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0234-4507","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C. R.","family":"Seed","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Australian Red Cross Blood Service Perth WA Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"P. E.","family":"Hewitt","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"R. 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