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Outcomes of interest<jats:italic>in vitro<\/jats:italic>were changes in red cell characteristics including adenosine triphosphate (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>), 2,3\u2010diphosphoglycerate (2,3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPG<\/jats:styled-content>), deformability and the accumulation of oxidized lipids and other reactive species in the red cell supernatant. Outcomes<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>were 24\u2010h post\u2010transfusion survival and the effects on oxygen delivery, organ function and inflammation in transfused recipients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The literature search identified 49 studies evaluating rejuvenated red cells.<jats:italic>In vitro<\/jats:italic>rejuvenation restored cellular properties including 2,3\u2010<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">DPG<\/jats:styled-content>and<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">ATP<\/jats:styled-content>to levels similar to freshly donated red cells. In experimental models,<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>transfusion of rejuvenated red cells improved oxygen delivery and myocardial, renal and pulmonary function when compared to stored red cells. In humans,<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>24\u2010h survival of rejuvenated red cells exceeded 75%. In clinical studies, rejuvenated red cells were found to be safe, with no reported adverse effects. In one adult cardiac surgery trial, transfusion of rejuvenated red cells resulted in improved myocardial performance.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transfusion of rejuvenated red cells reduces organ injury attributable to the red cell storage lesion without adverse effects in experimental studies<jats:italic>in vivo<\/jats:italic>. The clinical benefits of this intervention remain uncertain.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12666","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,6,4]],"date-time":"2018-06-04T23:59:51Z","timestamp":1528156791000},"page":"509-529","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":11,"title":["Rejuvenation of allogenic red cells: benefits and risks"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"113","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5823-848X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"H.","family":"Aujla","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre \u2013 Cardiovascular Theme Glenfield General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M.","family":"Wo\u017aniak","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre \u2013 Cardiovascular Theme Glenfield General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"T.","family":"Kumar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and NIHR Leicester Biomedical Research Centre \u2013 Cardiovascular Theme Glenfield General Hospital University of Leicester Leicester UK"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"G. 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