{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,1]],"date-time":"2026-10-01T03:36:14Z","timestamp":1790825774855,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":26,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1543363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2014\/14020\u20106"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2014\/14020\u20106"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001807","name":"Funda\u00e7\u00e3o de Amparo \u00e0 Pesquisa do Estado de S\u00e3o Paulo","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2016\/19252\u20108"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2016\/19252\u20108"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001807","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]},{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100003593","name":"Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["305942\/2012\u20103"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["305942\/2012\u20103"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100003593","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The objective of the present study was to investigate the fear of blood, injections and fainting as barriers to blood donation in a sample of primary healthcare users in a Brazilian municipality.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      This is a cross\u2010sectional survey of primary care patients in 12 randomly selected healthcare facilities in Ribeir\u00e3o Preto, Brazil in 2015\u20132016. Key variables were lifetime blood donation history, intentions to donate blood among non\u2010donors and current donation practice. To assess fear of blood in general (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FBG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), fear of injections in general (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ) and fear of fainting due to fear of injection (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ), we used the Blood Injection\/Fear Scale (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">BIFS<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ). We tested associations between variables using regression models and conditional inference trees (\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      ).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      A total of 1055 primary healthcare users participated (79\u00b77% female, mean age 40\u00b76 years [\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">SD<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      = 15\u00b72]), 63\u00b74% never donated blood, 13\u00b73% reported they are unable to donate, 6\u00b71% donated only once, 17\u00b72% donated multiple times. Women had higher scores for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FIG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      and\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FBG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      .\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FFI<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      was associated with middle socioeconomic status. Those who never intended to donate exhibited the highest scores in the three dimension of fear. By\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CIT<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      analysis, being female and high scores for\n                      <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">FBG<\/jats:styled-content>\n                      are associated with decreased blood donation. Among males, blood donation frequency is low among those aged 33 years and under.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Fear of blood, injections and fainting are barriers to blood donation in Brazil. Efforts to recruit and retain blood donors should convey information on blood donation processes and address misconceptions that may increase fear.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12728","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]],"date-time":"2018-11-28T13:41:05Z","timestamp":1543412465000},"page":"38-46","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":37,"title":["Fear of blood, injections and fainting as barriers to blood donation in Brazil"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4745-227X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Miriane Lucindo","family":"Zucoloto","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo \u2013 USP Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Thelma","family":"Gon\u00e7alez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Systems Research Institute San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Neia Prata","family":"Menezes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco\u2013 UCSF San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4148-5660","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Willi","family":"McFarland","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics University of California San Francisco\u2013 UCSF San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6251-366X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Brian","family":"Custer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Systems Research Institute San Francisco CA USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine University of California San Francisco \u2013 UCSF San Francisco CA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0949-3222","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Edson Zangiacomi","family":"Martinez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Social Medicine Ribeir\u00e3o Preto Medical School University of S\u00e3o Paulo \u2013 USP Ribeir\u00e3o Preto S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2018,11,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5539\/gjhs.v8n4p203"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03887.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(13)60631-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","unstructured":"WeversA:Blood sweat and fears: understanding and influencing blood donor behaviour. 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