{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T06:29:12Z","timestamp":1773037752309,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,10]],"date-time":"2019-04-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1554854400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The donor medical questionnaire identifies a blood donor's history of known blood safety risks. Current Australian, Canadian, European and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">USA<\/jats:styled-content> legislation temporarily defers blood donors who received different percutaneous needle treatments (i.e. tattooing, acupuncture and piercing) from blood donation. This systematic review aimed to scientifically underpin these deferrals by identifying the best available evidence on the association between percutaneous needle treatments and the risk of transfusion\u2010transmissible infections (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTI<\/jats:styled-content>s).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Studies from three databases investigating the link between percutaneous needle treatments and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTI<\/jats:styled-content>s (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HBV<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> HCV<\/jats:styled-content> and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HIV<\/jats:styled-content> infection) in blood donors were retained and assessed on eligibility by two reviewers independently. The association between percutaneous needle treatments and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">TTI<\/jats:styled-content>s was expressed by conducting meta\u2010analyses and calculating pooled effect measures (odds ratios (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content>s) and 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content>s). The <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">GRADE<\/jats:styled-content> methodology (Grades of Recommendation, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) was used to assess the quality of evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 1242 references and finally included 21 observational studies. Twenty studies assessed the link between percutaneous needle treatments and <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection and found that blood donors receiving these treatments had an increased risk of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection (tattooing: pooled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 5\u00b728, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [4\u00b733, 6\u00b744], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b700001 (low\u2010quality evidence); acupuncture: pooled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 1\u00b756, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [1\u00b717, 2\u00b708], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b703 (very low\u2010quality evidence); and piercing: pooled <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">OR<\/jats:styled-content> 3\u00b725, 95% <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CI<\/jats:styled-content> [1\u00b768, 6\u00b730], <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b70005 (low\u2010quality evidence)).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Percutaneous needle treatments may be associated with an increased <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">HCV<\/jats:styled-content> infection risk. Further high\u2010quality studies are required to formulate stronger evidence\u2010based recommendations on percutaneous needle treatments as a blood donor deferral criterion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12780","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,4,11]],"date-time":"2019-04-11T21:26:41Z","timestamp":1555018001000},"page":"297-309","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Is there a risk of transfusion\u2010transmissible infections after\u00a0percutaneous needle treatments in blood donors? 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