{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T15:10:41Z","timestamp":1770909041619,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":29,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1556755200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000014","name":"Canadian Blood Services","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000014","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2019,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec><jats:title>Background and objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Bacterial contamination of red blood cells (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>) remains a rare but serious clinical concern. Despite the low temperature storage of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>, some bacteria can proliferate. The impact of <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> additive solutions (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>), manufacturing method or donor sex on bacterial growth\/survival in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> was addressed in this pilot study.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using a partial pool\u2010and\u2010split design, bacterial growth\/survival was assessed in intentionally inoculated <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>, manufactured separately from male and female donors using three different manufacturing methods (two whole blood [<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WB<\/jats:styled-content>] filtration methods; one <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> filtration method), and resuspended in one of four <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>:<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> SAGM<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> PAGGSM<\/jats:styled-content>,<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\"> AS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20101 or <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103. At the beginning of storage, <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> were inoculated with 10 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">CFU<\/jats:styled-content>\/ml of either <jats:italic>Klebsiella pneumoniae<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Staphylococcus epidermidis<\/jats:italic>,<jats:italic> Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> or <jats:italic>Propionibacterium acnes<\/jats:italic>. Manufacturing, inoculation, storage (until day 42) and monitoring of bacterial growth were conducted at two sites: Canadian Blood Services and H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p><jats:italic>Yersinia enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> was the only bacterium that proliferated during storage at both sites. <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> tested at Canadian Blood Services had higher bacterial concentrations than those at H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec (<jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00\u00b70044). At H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec, where two different manufacturing methods were used, <jats:italic>Y.\u00a0enterocolitica<\/jats:italic> reached significantly higher bacterial concentrations in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content>\u20103 <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">WB<\/jats:styled-content> filtration method) compared to units prepared in the other three <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> (<jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> filtration method; <jats:italic>P<\/jats:italic>\u00a0&lt;\u00a00\u00b705). Bacterial survival\/growth dependent on donor sex was not uniformly noted.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Only one of four bacteria grew under <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> storage conditions. The results indicate that <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content> manufacturing variables, rather than <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">AS<\/jats:styled-content> or donor sex, affect bacterial growth in <jats:styled-content style=\"fixed-case\">RBC<\/jats:styled-content>.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12782","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]],"date-time":"2019-05-02T10:37:42Z","timestamp":1556793462000},"page":"478-486","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["The impact of red blood cell manufacturing variables on bacterial growth dynamics: a pilot study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"114","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0705-4987","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sandra","family":"Ramirez\u2010Arcos","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation Ottawa ON Canada"},{"name":"Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology University of Ottawa Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Yuntong","family":"Kou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services Centre for Innovation Ottawa ON Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Pierre","family":"Cayer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec Applied Research Medical Affairs and Innovation Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marie\u2010Jo\u00eblle","family":"De Grandmont","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec Applied Research Medical Affairs and Innovation Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"M\u00e9lissa","family":"Girard","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec Applied Research Medical Affairs and Innovation Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Marc","family":"Cloutier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec Applied Research Medical Affairs and Innovation Qu\u00e9bec QC Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2019,5,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1978.18278160591.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1981.tb01049.x"},{"issue":"2","key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"s7","article-title":"Time to revisit red blood cell additive solutions and storage conditions: a role for \u201comics\u201d analyses","volume":"10","author":"Sparrow RL","year":"2012","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2017.03.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12679"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12272"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12233"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)00020-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Public Health Agency of Canada:Transfusion Transmitted Injuries Surveillance System Program Report 2004\u20102005. 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