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Filariae have a wide clinical spectrum spanning asymptomatic infection to chronic debilitating disease including blindness and lymphedema. Despite successful eradication programmes, filarial infections remain an important \u2013albeit neglected \u2013 source of morbidity. We sought to characterize the risk of transfusion transmission of microfilaria with a view to guide mitigation practices in both endemic and non\u2010endemic countries.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A scoping review of scientific publications as well as grey literature was carried out by a group of domain experts in microbiology, transfusion medicine and infectious diseases, representing the parasite subgroup of the International Society of Blood Transfusion.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Cases of transfusion\u2010transmitted filariasis are rare and confined to case reports of variable quality. Transfusion\u2010associated adverse events related to microfilariae are confined to isolated reports of transfusion reactions. Serious outcomes have not been reported. No known strategies have been implemented, specifically, to mitigate transfusion\u2010transmitted filariasis yet routine blood donor screening for other transfusion\u2010transmissible infections (e.g. hepatitis B, malaria) may indirectly defer donors with microfilaremia in endemic areas.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Rare examples of transfusion\u2010transmitted filariasis, without serious clinical effect, suggest that filariasis poses low transfusion risk. Dedicated mitigation strategies against filarial transfusion transmission are not recommended. Given endemicity in low\u2010resource regions, priority should be on the control of filariasis with public health measures.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13073","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]],"date-time":"2021-01-25T18:45:08Z","timestamp":1611600308000},"page":"741-754","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Filariasis and transfusion\u2010associated risk: a literature review"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2519-1109","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Steven J.","family":"Drews","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Canadian Blood Services Microbiology, Donor and Clinical Services Edmonton AB Canada"},{"name":"Laboratory Medicine and Pathology University of Alberta Edmonton AB Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9008-9154","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Bryan R.","family":"Spencer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross Scientific Affairs Boston MA USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1941-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvano","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Banco de Sangue Medical Director Blood Bank Hospital Sirio Liban\u00eas S\u00e3o Paulo Brasil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8181-9517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Evan M.","family":"Bloch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pathology Transfusion Medicine Division Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine Baltimore MD USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"International Society of Blood Transfusion TTID Working Party Parasite Subgroup","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,1,25]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention:Parasites \u2010 Lymphatic Filariasis.https:\/\/www.cdc.gov\/parasites\/lymphaticfilariasis\/index.html; 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