{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,27]],"date-time":"2026-09-27T03:51:44Z","timestamp":1790481104364,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":23,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1619395200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2021,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>There is a growing concern for the transmission of arboviral infections by blood transfusion in Europe. However, no assessment of the risk of transmission through all European blood supplies has been reported. Risk regulations at a European level should take differences in local transmission risk and the risk of transmission by travelling donors into consideration.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A risk model and publicly available tool were developed to calculate the risk of transmission by all European blood supplies for arboviral outbreaks within Europe. Data on individual European blood supplies from Council of Europe reports and inter\u2010European travel data from EUROSTAT were used to populate this model.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Each neuroinvasive case of WNV reported in Europe will on average result in 0\u00b743 (95%CI: 0\u00b732\u20130\u00b755) infected blood product by locally infected donors and 0\u00b7010 (95%CI: 0\u00b7006\u20130\u00b7015) infected products by travelling donors. On basis of the 1373 neuroinvasive human WNV cases reported in the outbreak of 2018, it is estimated that without safety interventions this outbreak would have resulted in 708 (95%CI: 523\u2013922) infected components derived from resident donors. Noncompliance to European regulations, which requires donor deferral or testing of donors who visited WNV\u2010infected areas, would have resulted in 7.4 (95%CI: 4\u00b77\u201311\u00b71) infected blood components derived from infectious travelling donors exposed in outbreak areas throughout Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The risk of WNV transmission by a local outbreak is on average 113 times (95%CI: 95\u2013139), so two orders of magnitude higher than the risk of transmission by travelling donors in Europe.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13112","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]],"date-time":"2021-04-26T11:19:14Z","timestamp":1619435954000},"page":"1094-1101","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["West Nile virus and blood transfusion safety: A European perspective"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"116","author":[{"given":"Rossana C.","family":"Garzon Jimenez","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Technology Assessment Group, Donor Medicine Research Department Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ryanne W.","family":"Lieshout\u2010Krikke","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs, Corporate Staff Sanquin Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Emerging Infectious Diseases \u2010 Monitor Working Group European Blood Alliance Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1682-7817","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mart P.","family":"Janssen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Technology Assessment Group, Donor Medicine Research Department Sanquin Research Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,4,26]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(16)30518-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","first-page":"973","article-title":"Investigations of West Nile virus infections in recipients of blood transfusions","volume":"51","author":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC)","year":"2002","journal-title":"MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.325.7364.566\/a"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","unstructured":"Lieshout\u2010KrikkeRW.Residual infectious risks in blood transfusion.Amsterdam University of Amsterdam;2016:https:\/\/dare.uva.nl\/search?identifier=5c56b0be\u2010ca68\u20104183\u2010b341\u2010a0ff51b17131[Last accessed 8 November 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2013.03.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2011.01.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","unstructured":"Eurostat.Arrivals at tourist accommodation establishments by country\/world region of residence of the tourist.http:\/\/data.europa.eu\/88u\/dataset\/ctjVyEQSbf9wSepdmmqrvw[Last accessed 28 April 2020]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","unstructured":"West Nile virus infection \u2010 Annual Epidemiological Report for 2017;2019https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\u2010data\/west\u2010nile\u2010virus\u2010infection\u2010annual\u2010epidemiological\u2010report\u20102017[Last accessed 8 November 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Publications Office of the European Union.Commission Directive 2014\/110\/EU of 17 December 2014 amending Directive 2004\/33\/EC as regards temporary deferral criteria for donors of allogeneic blood donations;2014.https:\/\/op.europa.eu:443\/en\/publication\u2010detail\/\u2010\/publication\/c39a0104\u20108818\u201011e4\u2010b8a5\u201001aa75ed71a1[Last accessed 8 November 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_11_1","unstructured":"ECDC.European Up\u2010Front Risk Assessment Tool (EUFRAT).https:\/\/eufrattool.ECDC.europa.eu\/[Last accessed 15 June 2016]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-016-1452-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_13_1","unstructured":"European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control.West Nile virus risk assessment tool. Stockholm 2013https:\/\/www.ecdc.europa.eu\/en\/publications\u2010data\/west\u2010nile\u2010virus\u2010risk\u2010assessment\u2010tool[Last accessed 15 January 2019]."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_14_1","unstructured":"Van HoevenLR JanssenMP RautmannG.The collection testing and use of blood and blood components in Europe \u2010 2013 report. EDQM Council of Europe;2013."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_15_1","unstructured":"JanssenMP RautmannG.The collection testing and use of blood and blood components in Europe \u2010 2014 report. EDQM Council of Europe;2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_10_16_1","unstructured":"JanssenMP RautmannG.The collection testing and use of blood and blood components in Europe \u20102015 report. 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