{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,18]],"date-time":"2026-08-18T04:07:41Z","timestamp":1787026061224,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":33,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1623196800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Accurate and regular monitoring of anti\u2010A and anti\u2010B titres pre\u2010 and post\u2010transplantation plays a crucial role in the clinical management of patients receiving ABO\u2010incompatible renal transplants. There is no standardized protocol or an external quality assurance program (EQA) currently available for this testing in Australia. The aim of this study was to investigate the diversity of techniques, test platforms and reagents that were currently in use in various laboratories with the aim of developing an EQA.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>An online survey was sent to the participants enrolled with the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia Quality Assurance Program (RCPAQAP) to assess their interest in participation in the pilot study. A total of 24 participants who expressed interest were sent the group O plasma, A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub>, A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> and B cells to perform ABO titration using their own methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Participants reported a wide range of titre results, from 8 to 1024 for the anti\u2010A titre using A<jats:sub>1<\/jats:sub> cells, from 2 to 128 for anti\u2010A titre using A<jats:sub>2<\/jats:sub> cells and from neat to 32 for anti\u2010B titre using B cells.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>There was a wide variation in titre results between and within different technologies. These findings demonstrate the need for an ABO titration EQA. Development of a standard technique and participation in an EQA program should, over time, reduce variation and enable transferrable results across testing centres, which will assist in consistent clinical interpretation and better outcomes for patients.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13160","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]],"date-time":"2021-06-09T12:22:08Z","timestamp":1623241328000},"page":"109-118","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":13,"title":["Challenges in antibody titration for <scp>ABO<\/scp>\u2010incompatible renal transplantation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"given":"Htar","family":"Kahlyar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"David","family":"Roxby","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medicine and Public Health Flinders University  South Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tony","family":"Badrick","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9318-3982","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Thiru","family":"Vanniasinkam","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Biomedical Sciences Charles Sturt University  New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.159557"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","unstructured":"ANZDATA.ANZDATA 43rd Annual Report 2020. Incidence of RRT in ESKD. anzdata.org.au. Australia and New Zealand Dialysis & Transplant Registry. 29th September 2020.https:\/\/www.anzdata.org.au\/report\/anzdata-43rd-annual-report-2020-data-to-2019\/. Accessed 11 Jan 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","unstructured":"Kidney Health Australia.Kidney fast facts factsheet. Kidney.org.au. 2020.https:\/\/kidney.org.au\/resources\/factsheets-and-photosheets\/kidney-fast-facts-factsheet. Accessed 20 Nov 2018."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","unstructured":"Transplant Australia.Frequently asked questions. transplant.org.au. 2021.https:\/\/transplant.org.au\/faq\/. Accessed 9 Jan 2021."},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40620-018-0512-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/1319-2442.261340"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.12979"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.13495"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_10_1","first-page":"e4787","article-title":"Therapeutic immunoadsorption and conventional plasma exchange in ABO\u2010incompatible renal transplant: an exculpatory evidence","volume":"11","author":"Agrawal S","year":"2019","journal-title":"Cureus"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_11_1","first-page":"654","article-title":"Clinical significance of isoagglutinin titre with the current desensitization protocol in ABO\u2010incompatible kidney transplantation","volume":"24","author":"Baek CH","year":"2019","journal-title":"Nephrol Ther"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ndt\/gfz103.SP787"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_13_1","first-page":"S39\u2010S","article-title":"Difference in rate of decline of isoagglutinin titers between selective plasma exchange with and wuthout fresh frozen plasma before abo\u2010incompatible kidney transplantation","volume":"4","author":"Hanaoka A","year":"2019","journal-title":"Kidney Int"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/iju.14108"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transproceed.2019.01.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0971-4065.202402"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.12659\/AJCR.905633"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/xen.12418"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2019.06.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.214343"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7754\/Clin.Lab.2017.170229"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5858\/arpa.2015-0351-OA"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/1744-9987.12745"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12713"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_25_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for living donor kidney transplantation","author":"British Transplantation Society","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13147"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15672"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12893"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3343\/alm.2014.34.4.300"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15671"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12878"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tri.13389"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_33_1","volume-title":"Clinical guidelines for transplantation from deceased donors","author":"TSANZ","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15247"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.13160","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vox.13160","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.13160","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,8,28]],"date-time":"2023-08-28T05:23:15Z","timestamp":1693200195000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.13160"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]},"references-count":33,"journal-issue":{"issue":"1","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,1]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.13160"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.13160","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2021,6,9]]}}}