{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,28]],"date-time":"2026-09-28T20:52:02Z","timestamp":1790628722430,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]],"date-time":"2021-08-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1629244800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Prediction of haemolytic disease of the foetus and newborn (HDFN) caused by maternal anti\u2010A\/\u2010B enables timely therapy, thereby preventing the development of kernicterus spectrum disorder. However, previous efforts to establish accurate prediction methods have been only modestly successful.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>In a case\u2013control study, we examined 76 samples from mothers and 76 samples from their newborns; 38 with and 38 without haemolysis. The IgG subclass profile of maternal anti\u2010A and anti\u2010B was determined by flow cytometry. Samples from newborns were genetically analysed for the <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> subgroup, secretor and Fc\u03b3RIIa receptor alleles.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Surprisingly, we found a correlation between the newborn secretor allele and haemolysis (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u00a0=\u00a00.034). No correlation was found for Fc\u03b3RIIa alleles. The <jats:italic>A<\/jats:italic><jats:sup><jats:italic>2<\/jats:italic><\/jats:sup> subgroup was found only in newborns without haemolysis. Unexpectedly, different reaction patterns were found for maternal anti\u2010A and anti\u2010B; consequently, the results were treated separately. For the prediction of haemolysis in A\u2010newborns, the maternal IgG1 subclass determination resulted in an accuracy of 83% at birth. For B\u2010newborns, an accuracy of 91% was achieved by the maternal IgG2 subclass determination.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We improved the prediction of ABO\u2010HDFN by characterizing maternal anti\u2010A and anti\u2010B by flow cytometry and we presented genetic traits in newborns with correlation to haemolysis. We propose a new understanding of A\u2010 and B\u2010substances as immunogens that enhance the maternal immune response and protect the newborn, and we suggest that the development of ABO\u2010HDFN is different when caused by maternal anti\u2010A compared to maternal anti\u2010B.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13195","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,19]],"date-time":"2021-08-19T03:53:45Z","timestamp":1629345225000},"page":"415-423","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["<scp>ABO<\/scp> haemolytic disease of the newborn: Improved prediction by novel integration of causative and protective factors in newborn and mother"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9663-8476","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Grethe Risum","family":"Krog","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6175-439X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henriette","family":"Lorenzen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Health University College Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2487-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik Banch","family":"Clausen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anne Todsen","family":"Hansen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mette Line","family":"Donneborg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Pediatrics Aalborg University Hospital  Aalborg Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine Aalborg University  Aalborg Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Morten Hanefeld","family":"Dziegiel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital (Rigshospitalet)  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2021,8,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_7_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1996.d01-1764.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12265"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/jp.2017.167"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1969.tb00406.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1651-2227.2009.01478.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_7_7_1","article-title":"Prediction of ABO hemolytic disease of the newborn using pre\u2010 and perinatal quantification of maternal anti\u2010A\/anti\u2010B IgG titer","author":"Krog GR","year":"2020","journal-title":"Pediatric 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