{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:40Z","timestamp":1788347980778,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]],"date-time":"2022-06-15T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1655251200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2022,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>To protect transfusion recipients from transfusion\u2010transmissible infections, blood donors are deferred from donating after recent tattooing or piercing. To explore to what extent and how this deferral impacts donor availability, we performed an international study to investigate how many donors were deferred for a recent tattoo or piercing and how many of these donors returned to donate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We surveyed blood centre members of the Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative and the European Blood Alliance Donor Studies Working Group on their numbers of donations, tattoo and piercing deferrals, and return rates in the year 2017.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eight blood centres participated. Overall, deferral rates were lower for repeat donors compared to new donors. Repeat donors were more likely to return than new donors. Women and young donors were more often deferred than male and older donors. Men were more demotivated by tattoo or piercing deferral, resulting in lower return rates compared to women. Return rates differed greatly between blood centres.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Tattoo and piercing deferrals lead to missed donations and result in lower return rates. However, the numbers vary largely internationally, probably due to cultural and policy differences. Shortening deferral periods after tattooing or piercing may reduce the impact on donor availability, which should be investigated in single\u2010centre studies.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13328","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,16]],"date-time":"2022-06-16T03:28:26Z","timestamp":1655350106000},"page":"1085-1089","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["Whole blood donor return rates after deferral for tattooing or body piercing\u2014Survey across blood donation services: The <scp>BEST<\/scp> collaborative study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"117","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5733-9254","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Franke","family":"Quee","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5332-2789","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sheila F.","family":"O'Brien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Surveillance, Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Femmeke","family":"Prinsze","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Whitney R.","family":"Steele","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Scientific Affairs, American Red Cross  Gaithersburg Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1096-698X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yves","family":"Gr\u00e9goire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Statistics, H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec  Quebec City Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alexandra","family":"Cutajar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Blood Transfusion Services  Tal\u2010Piet\u00e0 Malta"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1941-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvano","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital S\u00edrio\u2010Liban\u00eas Blood Bank  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Compernolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Red Cross, Blood Services, Mechelen, Belgium and Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9904-9952","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mindy","family":"Goldman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donation Policy and Studies Canadian Blood Services  Ottawa Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Katja","family":"van den Hurk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Donor Medicine Research Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"Biomedical Excellence for Safer Transfusion (BEST) Collaborative","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2022,6,15]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2018-11-833996"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/cir991"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12780"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.annepidem.2011.10.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000369175"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","unstructured":"PiccininiP BianchiI PakalinS SenaldiC.Safety of tattoos and permanent make\u2010up Compilation of information on legislative framework and analytical methods. EUR27394 2015. Available from:https:\/\/publications.jrc.ec.europa.eu\/repository\/bitstream\/JRC94760\/wp1_tr_pubsy.pdf."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","first-page":"126","article-title":"The tattooed population in Italy: a national survey on demography, characteristics and perception of health risks","volume":"54","author":"Renzoni A","year":"2018","journal-title":"Ann Ist Super Sanita"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0024736"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13298"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15421"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12832"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02989.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15551"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12463"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.02037.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","unstructured":"O'BrienSF.Canadian Blood Services surveillance report 2020.2021. 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