{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,5]],"date-time":"2026-09-05T00:06:58Z","timestamp":1788566818854,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697155200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood donation can be a potentially stressful event, leading to the activation of an acute stress response. Knowing and identifying potential stressors could help in optimizing the donation experience. The present study aimed to measure the physiological and psychological stress changes before, during and after blood donation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physiological and psychological stress response was assessed in 70 blood donors. To evaluate physiological stress response, pulse rate, respiratory rate, blood pressure (BP), beat\u2010to\u2010beat BP and lead II electrocardiogram were recorded. Baroreflex sensitivity was calculated using the available software. Psychological stress response was assessed using the State\u2013Trait Anxiety Inventory scale.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>A significant increase in systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure and mean arterial pressure was observed in the pre\u2010donation period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001). Among the time\u2010domain parameters, SDSD (standard deviation of differences between adjacent respiratory rate intervals) and RMSSD (root mean square of the successive differences) were significantly lower during the post\u2010donation period (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.005, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.007, respectively). Among the frequency\u2010domain parameters, LF nu (relative power of the low\u2010frequency band in normalized units), HF nu (relative power of the high\u2010frequency band in normalized units) and LF% (relative power of the low\u2010frequency band in percentage) were significantly lower before donation compared to during donation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.001 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.012, respectively). LF nu, LF% and LF\/HF ratio were also significantly lower during donation compared to after donation (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.05, <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.016 and <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.042, respectively). Baroreflex sensitivity was also statistically higher during the pre\u2010donation period. State score was significantly higher among the blood donors during the pre\u2010donation period.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Physiological and psychological stress is experienced by blood donors during the pre\u2010donation period. A pre\u2010donation informative conversation should be carried out with each blood donor and potential stressors should be identified in each.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13541","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]],"date-time":"2023-10-13T10:00:21Z","timestamp":1697191221000},"page":"1061-1068","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Physiological and psychological stress response of blood donors during the blood donation process"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"given":"Arshpreet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-0086-2132","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ravneet","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanvi","family":"Sood","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Anita","family":"Malhotra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Priti","family":"Arun","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Psychiatry Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6978-9140","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kshitija","family":"Mittal","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4014-9064","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Paramjit","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Gagandeep","family":"Kaur","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4133-8545","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Kiran","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Physiology Government Medical College and Hospital  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,13]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_10_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30773\/pi.2017.08.17"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1994.tb05036.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.neubiorev.2009.03.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/acr.20561"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autneu.2003.10.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/SHK.0000000000000178"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_8_1","first-page":"354","article-title":"Factors associated with psychological and physiological stress reactions to blood donation: a systematic review of the literature","volume":"13","author":"Hoogerwerf MD","year":"2015","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2006.00905.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_10_10_1","unstructured":"Central Drugs Standard Control Organisation.Drugs and Cosmetis Act 1940 and Amendments March 2020. 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