{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,11,21]],"date-time":"2025-11-21T00:53:38Z","timestamp":1763686418437,"version":"3.40.5"},"reference-count":45,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1697587200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100011094","name":"Public Health Agency of Canada","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100011094","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In this proof\u2010of\u2010concept study, which included blood donor samples, we aimed to demonstrate how Bayesian latent class models (BLCMs) could be used to estimate SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 seroprevalence in the absence of a gold standard assay under a two\u2010phase sampling design.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>To this end, 6810 plasma samples from blood donors who resided in Qu\u00e9bec (Canada) were collected from May to July 2020 and tested for anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies using seven serological assays (five commercial and two non\u2010commercial).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 seroprevalence was estimated at 0.71% (95% credible interval [CrI]\u2009=\u20090.53%\u20130.92%). The cPass assay had the lowest sensitivity estimate (88.7%; 95% CrI\u2009=\u200980.6%\u201394.7%), while the H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec assay had the highest (98.7%; 95% CrI\u2009=\u200997.0%\u201399.6%).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The estimated low seroprevalence (which indicates a relatively limited spread of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 in Quebec) might change rapidly\u2014and this tool, developed using blood donors, could enable a rapid update of the prevalence estimate in the absence of a gold standard. Further, the present analysis illustrates how a two\u2010stage BLCM sampling design, along with blood donor samples, can be used to estimate the performance of new diagnostic tests and inform public health decisions regarding a new or emerging disease for which a perfect reference standard does not exist.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13545","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]],"date-time":"2023-10-18T08:06:33Z","timestamp":1697616393000},"page":"1069-1077","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":2,"title":["Two\u2010phase Bayesian latent class analysis to assess diagnostic test performance in the absence of a gold standard: <scp>COVID<\/scp>\u201019 serological assays as a proof of concept"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"118","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3277-2729","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Felix","family":"Camirand Lemyre","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 des sciences Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sewanou Hermann","family":"Honfo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine et des sciences de la sant\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chelsea","family":"Caya","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Matthew P.","family":"Cheng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Optilab Montreal \u2013 McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8979-1659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karen","family":"Colwill","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Rachel","family":"Corsini","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6090-4437","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Anne\u2010Claude","family":"Gingras","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Lunenfeld\u2010Tanenbaum Research Institute Mount Sinai Hospital, Sinai Health  Toronto Ontario Canada"},{"name":"Department of Molecular Genetics University of Toronto  Toronto Ontario Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Agatha","family":"Jassem","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Mel","family":"Krajden","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ana Citlali","family":"M\u00e1rquez","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"},{"name":"Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine University of British Columbia  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Bruce D.","family":"Mazer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"COVID\u201019 Immunity Task Force, Secretariat McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Allergy and Immunology, Montreal Children's Hospital McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5552-5910","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Meghan","family":"McLennan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"British Columbia Centre for Disease Control Public Health Laboratory  Vancouver British Columbia Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christian","family":"Renaud","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Affaires M\u00e9dicales et Innovation, H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Cedric P.","family":"Yansouni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Optilab Montreal \u2013 McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"J.D. MacLean Centre for Tropical Diseases McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jesse","family":"Papenburg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"McGill Interdisciplinary Initiative in Infection and Immunity  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Microbiology, Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine Optilab Montreal \u2013 McGill University Health Centre  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics Montreal Children's Hospital  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Epidemiology, Biostatistics, and Occupational Health, School of Population and Global Health McGill University  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Facult\u00e9 de m\u00e9decine et des sciences de la sant\u00e9 Universit\u00e9 de Sherbrooke  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Affaires M\u00e9dicales et Innovation, H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec  Montreal Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12995"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13374"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S1473-3099(20)30631-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41591-021-01488-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1039\/D1AN00893E"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"US Food and Drug Administration.In Vitro Diagnostics EUAs \u2013 Serology and Other Adaptive Immune Response Tests for SARS\u2010CoV\u20102. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/medical\u2010devices\/coronavirus\u2010disease\u20102019\u2010covid\u201019\u2010emergency\u2010use\u2010authorizations\u2010medical\u2010devices\/in\u2010vitro\u2010diagnostics\u2010euas\u2010serology\u2010and\u2010other\u2010adaptive\u2010immune\u2010response\u2010tests\u2010sars\u2010cov\u20102. Last accessed 18 Jan 2022."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0252617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100354"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/science.abf4063"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab632"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa2026116"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.clinbiochem.2020.09.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/fampra\/cmn051"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1503\/cmaj.201588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7326\/L20-1396"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-021-84173-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.prevetmed.2017.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.20506\/rst.40.1.3224"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.17269\/s41997-021-00531-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.xcrm.2021.100290"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2020008367"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1126\/sciimmunol.abe5511"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01136-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/clinchem\/hvaa120"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01742-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ofid\/ofab220"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.0006-341X.2004.00229.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1097-0258(19970530)16:10<1121::AID-SIM526>3.0.CO;2-L"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781119013563"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/oxfordjournals.aje.a117428"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00026-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamanetworkopen.2021.46798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0257743"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ajcp\/aqaa157"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_37_1","first-page":"1\u201316","article-title":"Diagnostic accuracy of six commercial SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG\/total antibody assays and identification of SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 neutralizing antibodies in convalescent sera","author":"Stroemer A","year":"2020","journal-title":"MedRxiv"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_38_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1172\/jci.insight.146316"},{"volume-title":"MSD tools for COVID\u201019 research","year":"2021","author":"Meso Scale Diagnostics","key":"e_1_2_9_39_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_40_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/cti2.1380"},{"volume-title":"Evaluation of the Abbott SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 IgG for the detection of anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies","year":"2020","author":"Duggan J","key":"e_1_2_9_41_1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_42_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/JCM.01361-20"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_43_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tvjl.2018.04.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_44_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2307\/1390675"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_45_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ece3.6448"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_46_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.26405"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.13545","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2023,12,29]],"date-time":"2023-12-29T09:30:19Z","timestamp":1703842219000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.13545"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]},"references-count":45,"journal-issue":{"issue":"12","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2023,12]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.13545"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.13545","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"type":"print","value":"0042-9007"},{"type":"electronic","value":"1423-0410"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,18]]}}}