{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1788347991445,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1698364800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Although screening of donated blood for syphilis is almost universally applied, its cost\u2010effectiveness is questioned because of the low prevalence of transfusion\u2010transmitted syphilis and a widespread belief that the syphilis\u2010causing bacterium\n                      <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      is very vulnerable to cold storage. Since the latter claim is not yet supported by a systematic review, we investigated whether syphilis can be transmitted via transfusion following prolonged (cold or room temperature) storage of blood products.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>MEDLINE, PMC and NCBI bookshelf (PubMed interface), Cochrane Library, Embase, Web of Science and CINAHL were searched up to 17 January 2023.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Nine experimental animal studies and one observational human study were included. Meta\u2010analysis showed that storing artificially infected human (six studies; risk ratio [RR]\u2009=\u20090.37, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.22\u20130.64,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.0003) or rabbit (two studies; RR\u2009=\u20090.08, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.55,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.01) blood for more than 72\u2009h before intratesticular injection significantly decreased the number of recipient animals that develop syphilis. Nonetheless, the possibility of syphilis transmission remained for up to 7\u2009days. Differences could not be found for rabbit plasma (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.60) or naturally infected rabbit blood (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.28). There was limited evidence from one study in favour of the storage of artificially infected human platelets for over 72\u2009h at cold temperatures (RR\u2009=\u20090.13, 95% CI: 0.03\u20130.52,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004) but not at room temperature (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.12).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Even though the infectivity of\n                      <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2010spiked blood may decrease after 72\u2009h of cold storage, the possibility for transfusion\u2010transmitted syphilis may remain for several days after. The evidence is very uncertain, and conclusions are hindered by a lack of sufficiently powered studies and studies in humans. In addition,\n                      <jats:italic>T. pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      concentrations used in animal studies may be unrealistically high.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13554","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]],"date-time":"2023-10-27T12:50:08Z","timestamp":1698411008000},"page":"219-231","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["Does cold storage of blood before transfusion prevent the transmission of syphilis? A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5081-780X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tine","family":"D'aes","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2377-9240","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Dieter","family":"Van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmy","family":"De Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Pierre","family":"Zach\u00e9e","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Compernolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences University of Ghent  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Philippe","family":"Vandekerckhove","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"},{"name":"Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Department of Global Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Stellenbosch University  Stellenbosch South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2023,10,27]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"Medical microbiology","author":"Radolf JD","year":"1996"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","volume-title":"StatPearls","author":"Ha T","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s40471-018-0138-z"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jamadermatol.2022.3499"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cegh.2022.101100"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02119.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1990.30991048793.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.1969.tb04909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Food and Drug Administration.Guidance for Industry: Recommendations for Screening Testing and Management of Blood Donors and Blood and Blood Components Based on Screening Tests for Syphilis. 2020. Available from:https:\/\/www.fda.gov\/media\/85283\/download. Last accessed 15 Feb 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Status Report on Blood Safety and Availability 2021. Geneva. 2021. Available from:https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/bitstream\/handle\/10665\/356165\/9789240051683\u2010eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y. Last accessed 14 Feb 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IDR.S386495"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12741"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/9781118689943"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Screening Donated Blood for Transfusion\u2010Transmissible Infections: Recommendations. Geneva. 2009. Available from:https:\/\/apps.who.int\/iris\/rest\/bitstreams\/52580\/retrieve. 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