{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,12]],"date-time":"2026-06-12T14:11:27Z","timestamp":1781273487680,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":18,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705795200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100001316","name":"Abbott Laboratories","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100001316","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Transfusion\u2010related hepatitis B infections have been reduced significantly with the implementation of blood screening using both serology and nucleic acid amplification technology (NAT) in developed countries. However, in resource\u2010constrained countries, where NAT is inaccessible, the risk persists from early acute and occult cases. This study aimed to determine the antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen (anti\u2010HBc) reactive rate among hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg)\u2010screened negative blood donors and its impact on blood safety in the Philippines.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A total of 1602 HBsAg\u2010negative samples, randomly collected from nine leading blood service facilities representative of each region in the Philippines, were tested for anti\u2010HBc immunoglobulin M (IgM), Total and antibodies to HBsAg (anti\u2010HBs) using the Architect i2000SR Immunoassay Analyser (Abbott Laboratories, IL). Anti\u2010HBc IgM and\/or Total repeat reactive were further tested for hepatitis B virus (HBV) NAT using the Cobas TaqScreen MPX v2.0 (Roche Diagnostics, Basel).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Overall, 19.16% HBsAg\u2010negative samples (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009307\/1602) were reactive for either anti\u2010HBc IgM or Total or a combination of both, of which 1.3% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u20094\/307) had detectable HBV\u2010DNA and 80.5% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009247\/307) were anti\u2010HBs positive. About the anti\u2010HBs titres, 30.27% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009485\/1602) were positive (\u226510\u2009IU\/L) with 55.67% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009270\/485) having titres \u2265100\u2009IU\/L. Anti\u2010HBs\u2010only\u2010positive samples were 14.85% (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic>\u2009=\u2009238\/1602).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We observed a high anti\u2010HBc reactive rate (19.16%) with 3.7% anti\u2010HBc\u2010only reactive (anti\u2010HBs negative) and 1.3% HBV\u2010DNA positive. This warrants the need to reconsider existing screening practices to improve blood safety in the country.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13576","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]],"date-time":"2024-01-21T03:08:12Z","timestamp":1705806492000},"page":"252-256","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":4,"title":["Seroreactivity of antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen among hepatitis B surface antigen\u2010screened negative blood donors and its implications for blood safety in a resource\u2010constrained country"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"given":"Rhoda T.","family":"Yu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Tropical Medicine  Muntinlupa City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kenneth Aristotle P.","family":"Punzalan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Tropical Medicine  Muntinlupa City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3155-5829","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sonu","family":"Bhatnagar","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Abbott Laboratories Singapore Pte Ltd.  Singapore"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Raymond B.","family":"Lutero","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Tropical Medicine  Muntinlupa City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Iza Mae S.","family":"Chamen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Tropical Medicine  Muntinlupa City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Catherine B.","family":"Masangkay","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research Institute for Tropical Medicine  Muntinlupa City Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Elizabeth Y.","family":"Arcellana\u2010Nuqui","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"National Council for Blood Services Department of Health  Manila Philippines"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,21]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/JBM.S12899"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00274.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01276.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.02.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2017.06.014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2009.01304.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Department of Health Circular No. 2013\u20100132: National Council for Blood Services\u2014Technical Committee Recommendations Strategies Methodologies and Algorithms for Testing Blood Units for Transfusion Transmissible Infection. Available from:https:\/\/home.nbbnets.net\/program\/includes\/document\/issuance\/DC-2013-0132.pdf. Last accessed 4 Oct 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Assessing the residual risk for transfusion\u2010transmitted infections in the Philippine blood supply","volume":"87","author":"Lam HY","year":"2014","journal-title":"Yale J Biol Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21141\/PJP.2017.008"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4254\/wjh.v5.i4.214"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Blood safety and availability. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blood-safety-and-availability#:~:text=Blood%20screening according%20to%20quality%20system%20requirements. Last accessed 4 Oct 2023."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","unstructured":"BarrientosMA BernabeG BonaventeK Ba\u00f1ezV.Prevalence of reactive hepatitis B core antibody among healthy blood donors with non\u2010reactive hepatitis B surface antigen in a tertiary medical center. Available from:https:\/\/www.maniladoctors.com.ph\/prevalence\u2010of\u2010reactive\u2010hepatitis\u2010b\u2010core\u2010antibody\u2010among\u2010healthy\u2010blood\u2010donors\u2010with\u2010non\u2010reactive\u2010hepatitis\u2010b\u2010surface\u2010antigen\u2010in\u2010a\u2010tertiary\u2010medical\u2010center\/. 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