{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1788347991463,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"4","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1705363200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,4]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>In addition to mandatory testing of blood donations, the deferral of donors in the case of various sexual and non\u2010sexual risk exposures ensures the safety of blood products in Germany. The study aimed to quantify non\u2010disclosure of non\u2010sexual risk exposures, as no data are available so far.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted an anonymous online survey among whole\u2010blood donors with successful donations between January and March 2020. Data on travel to countries with endemic malaria, recent mild or febrile infections, tattoos or piercings and drug use were collected. We analysed non\u2010compliance in relation to donor demographics by multivariable analyses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Altogether, 5.4% of the donors were non\u2010compliant. Non\u2010disclosure was highest for mild infection with 3.3% of donors, followed by febrile infections (1.4%), travel to malaria endemic countries (0.7%) and body modifications (0.5%). Intravenous drug use was negligible in our study population. Age was a predictor for all investigated risks, with higher prevalence in younger age groups. Prevalence ratios for non\u2010disclosure of body modifications and mild infection were higher in females than males. Donation in blood establishments with mobile services was associated with higher non\u2010disclosure of mild infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The considerable degree of non\u2010compliance in some donor groups reflects the prevalence of risk factors in the underlying population (e.g., body modification) as well as probable tendency to socially desirable responding. Donor education should not focus exclusively on sexual risk behaviour, as undisclosed non\u2010sexual exposures may bear risks for recipients and donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13586","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]],"date-time":"2024-01-16T10:55:21Z","timestamp":1705402521000},"page":"308-314","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Compliance of blood donors in Germany with non\u2010sexual deferral criteria"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-3061-6179","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karina","family":"Preu\u00dfel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Stefan","family":"Albrecht","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Epidemiology and Health Monitoring Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ruth","family":"Offergeld","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology Robert Koch Institute  Berlin Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,1,16]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000481829"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12780"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000525007"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/aje\/kwh090"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jpsychores.2005.09.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s00103-019-02999-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"The German Federal Institut for Risk Assessment (BfR).BfR Consumer Monitor 2018 \u2013 Special Tattoos.2018Available from:https:\/\/www.bfr.bund.de\/cm\/364\/bfr-consumer-monitor-2018-special-tattoos.pdf. Last accessed 3 Jan 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10551-005-5353-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12450"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/nmo.12466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12913-015-1039-1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/JU.0000000000000310"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0333102420949180"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1708-8305.2011.00533.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000515842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","unstructured":"FunkMB HeidenM M\u00fcllerS.H\u00e4movigilanz\u2010Bericht des Paul\u2010Ehrlich\u2010Instituts 2020: Auswertung der Meldungen von Reaktionen und Zwischenf\u00e4llen nach \u00a7 63i AMG.2021Available from:https:\/\/www.pei.de\/SharedDocs\/Downloads\/DE\/newsroom\/pflichtberichte\/haemovigilanzberichte\/haemovigilanz\u2010bericht\u20102020.pdf?__blob=publicationFile&v=4. 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