{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,2]],"date-time":"2026-09-02T11:19:51Z","timestamp":1788347991455,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"5","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]],"date-time":"2024-02-28T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1709078400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Exclusion of blood donors with hepatitis B virus (HBV) core antibodies (anti\u2010HBc) prevents transfusion\u2010transmitted HBV infection but can lead to significant donor loss. As isolated anti\u2010HBc positivity does not always indicate true past HBV infection, we have investigated the effectiveness of confirmatory anti\u2010HBc testing and the representation of rare blood groups in anti\u2010HBc\u2010positive donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Three hundred ninety\u2010seven HBV surface antigen\u2010negative and anti\u2010HBc initially reactive blood donor samples were tested by five different anti\u2010HBc assays.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Eighty percentage of samples reactive in Architect anti\u2010HBc assay were positive by the Murex assay and anti\u2010HBc neutralization. Eleven out of 397 samples showed discordant results in supplementary testing from the Murex confirmatory test result, and five remained undetermined following extensive serological testing. Thirty\u2010eight percentage of anti\u2010HBc\u2010positive donors identified as minority ethnic groups compared with 11% representation in anti\u2010HBc\u2010negative donors (<jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\u2009&lt;\u20090.0001); the frequency of the Ro blood group in anti\u2010HBc\u2010positive donors was 18 times higher in non\u2010white ethnic groups.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Using two anti\u2010HBc assays effectively enabled the identification of HBV\u2010exposed and potentially infectious donors, their deferral and potential clinical follow\u2010up. However, the exclusion of confirmed anti\u2010HBc\u2010positive donors will still impact the supply of rare blood such as Ro.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13608","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,29]],"date-time":"2024-02-29T05:49:35Z","timestamp":1709185775000},"page":"447-459","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":10,"title":["Blood donation screening for hepatitis B virus core antibodies: The importance of confirmatory testing and initial implication for rare blood donor groups"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3108-7917","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Michael X.","family":"Fu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jennifer","family":"Ingram","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donor Testing Department NHS Blood and Transplant  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Courtney","family":"Roberts","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Donor Testing Department NHS Blood and Transplant  Filton UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Visa","family":"Nurmi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Department of Virology, Faculty of Medicine University of Helsinki  Helsinki Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emma","family":"Watkins","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Clinical Services NHS Blood and Transplant  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nina","family":"Dempsey","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Life Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University  Manchester UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tanya","family":"Golubchik","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, Faculty of Medicine and Health University of Sydney  Sydney Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Judith","family":"Breuer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity University College London  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2856-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Su","family":"Brailsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Services NHS Blood and Transplant  Colindale UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7268-3168","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"William L.","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust and the University of Nottingham  Nottingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0619-1074","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Monique","family":"Andersson","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Microbiology Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7964-4700","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Peter","family":"Simmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9154-4190","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Heli","family":"Harvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Infection and Immunity University College London  London UK"},{"name":"Microbiology Services NHS Blood and Transplant  Colindale UK"},{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11901-020-00522-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1053\/gast.1997.v113.pm9352871"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM197806222982502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2019.03.034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2003.00391.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03909.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2008.01.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1365-2141.1999.01665.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12096"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1159\/000441676"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.2006.00818.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood-2002-03-0798"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.03031.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/jcm9010202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2011.05.009"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jviromet.2008.09.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/(SICI)1096-9071(199703)51:3<189::AID-JMV8>3.0.CO;2-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16543"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.p1113"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(17)30051-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29144"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","article-title":"Significance of anti\u2010HBc only in blood donors: a serological and virological study after hepatitis B vaccination","volume":"12","author":"Gessoni G","year":"2014","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jhep.2017.03.021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jcv.2009.11.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11033-020-06056-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/apt.14376"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-023-08433-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.95042"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.13608","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,5,15]],"date-time":"2024-05-15T09:18:10Z","timestamp":1715764690000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.13608"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]},"references-count":28,"journal-issue":{"issue":"5","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,5]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.13608"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.13608","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,2,28]]}}}