{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,16]],"date-time":"2026-09-16T17:14:03Z","timestamp":1789578843132,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":38,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]],"date-time":"2024-09-05T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725494400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Blood establishments strive to ensure the safety and comfort of blood donors while minimizing adverse events. This review aims to assess the efficacy and effectiveness of eating and\/or drinking interventions before, during and\/or after blood donation in reducing vasovagal reactions (VVRs).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We analysed randomized and non\u2010randomized controlled trials comparing eating and\/or drinking interventions to no intervention, placebo or usual practice on (pre\u2010)syncopal VVRs and related symptoms. The GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation) approach was used to assess the risk of bias and overall certainty of the evidence.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010donation water ingestion likely results in reduced on\u2010site VVRs, compared to no water (2 fewer per 100 donors, moderate\u2010certainty evidence). A pre\u2010donation isotonic drink likely results in reduced VVRs, compared to usual practice (2 fewer per 100 donors, moderate\u2010certainty evidence). Pre\u2010donation salt\u2010loaded sweetened lemon water may result in fewer off\u2010site VVRs, compared to sweetened lemon water only (1 fewer per 100 donors, low\u2010certainty evidence). Pre\u2010donation water and a gel cap containing sucrose with 250\u2009mg caffeine may result in fewer blood donor reaction ratings, compared to pre\u2010donation water only (low\u2010certainty evidence).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusions<\/jats:title><jats:p>Pre\u2010donation plain water ingestion or isotonic drink probably results in a large reduction in on\u2010site and off\u2010site VVRs. Pre\u2010donation water ingestion with caffeine consumption or salt supplementation may result in a VVR reduction, compared to water ingestion only. Future large trials are required to increase the certainty of the effect of these and other interventions in the prevention of VVRs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13724","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,6]],"date-time":"2024-09-06T00:04:24Z","timestamp":1725581064000},"page":"1129-1140","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The efficacy and effectiveness of drinking interventions to reduce vasovagal reactions in blood donors: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1942-1799","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hans","family":"Van Remoortel","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Van de Sande","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Dieter","family":"Maes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jina","family":"Khoudary","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Red Cross, Blood Services  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Tavernier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Red Cross, Blood Services  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9310-8322","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Pierre","family":"Tiberghien","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Etablissement Fran\u00e7ais du Sang  La Pleine St Denis France"},{"name":"EFS, INSERM, UMR Right Universit\u00e9 de Franche\u2010Comt\u00e9  Ghent Besan\u00e7on France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmy","family":"De Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice, Belgian Red Cross  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy, KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Veerle","family":"Compernolle","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Belgian Red Cross, Blood Services  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Ghent University  Ghent Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,5]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"WHO.Blood safety and availability. 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