{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,30]],"date-time":"2026-09-30T21:25:21Z","timestamp":1790803521663,"version":"4.1.0"},"reference-count":44,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]],"date-time":"2024-09-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1725235200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000269","name":"Economic and Social Research Council","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["RA1182"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["RA1182"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000269","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Homophily represents the extent to which people feel others are like them and encourages the uptake of activities they feel people like them do. Currently, there are no data on blood donor homophily with respect to (i) people's representation of the average prototypical UK blood donor and (ii) the degree of homophily with this prototype for current donors, non\u2010donors, groups blood services wish to encourage (ethnic minorities), those who are now eligible following policy changes (e.g., men\u2010who\u2010have\u2010sex\u2010with\u2010men: MSM) and recipients. We aim to fill these gaps in knowledge.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We surveyed the UK general population MSM, long\u2010term blood recipients, current donors, non\u2010donors and ethnic minorities (<jats:italic>n<\/jats:italic> = 785) to assess perceptions of the prototypical donor in terms of ethnicity, age, gender, social class, educational level and political ideology. Homophily was indexed with respect to age, gender and ethnicity.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prototypical UK blood donor is perceived as White, middle\u2010aged, middle\u2010class, college\u2010level educated and left\u2010wing. Current donors and MSM are more homophilous with this prototype, whereas recipients and ethnic minorities have the lowest homophily. Higher levels of homophily are associated with an increased likelihood of committing to donate.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>The prototype of the UK donor defined this as a White activity. This, in part, may explain why ethnic minorities are less likely to be donors. As well as traditional recruitment strategies, blood services need to consider broader structural changes such as the ethnic diversity of staff and co\u2010designing donor spaces with local communities.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13731","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,3]],"date-time":"2024-09-03T00:18:42Z","timestamp":1725322722000},"page":"1223-1233","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":9,"title":["The prototypical <scp>UK<\/scp> blood donor, homophily and blood donation: Blood donors are like you, not me"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7678-1451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Eamonn","family":"Ferguson","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8987-8343","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Sarah","family":"Bowen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Behavioural Practice, Verian (formally Kantar Public)"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1161-5815","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Richard","family":"Mills","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham"},{"name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Donor Health"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-3452-0832","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claire","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant\/UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) Epidemiology Unit, NHSBT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6337-892X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katy","family":"Davison","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant\/UK Health Security Agency Epidemiology Unit, UKHSA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Lawrence","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"LawrencePsychAdvisory"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-6603-5827","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roanna","family":"Maharaj","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"UK Thalassaemia Society"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7705-0127","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Chris","family":"Starmer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics University of Nottingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1241-9162","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Abigail","family":"Barr","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Economics University of Nottingham"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Tracy","family":"Williams","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Sickle Cell Society  UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Mark","family":"Croucher","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant, Donor Experience Services"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2856-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R.","family":"Brailsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Psychology University of Nottingham"},{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant\/UK Health Security Agency (UKHSA) Epidemiology Unit, NHSBT"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_11_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/21582440231173915"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1146\/annurev.soc.27.1.415"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.5465\/annals.2020.0230"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2008.02.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_11_6_1","unstructured":"NHSBT.Call for more Millennials and Gen Zs to give blood as NHS reveals most donors are over 45. 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