{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,27]],"date-time":"2026-01-27T23:01:55Z","timestamp":1769554915784,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":31,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"12","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]],"date-time":"2024-09-19T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726704000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100001773","name":"University of New South Wales","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100001773","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,12]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Several studies have suggested that blood donors have lower risk of gastrointestinal and breast cancers, whereas some have indicated an increased risk of haematological cancers. We examined these associations by appropriately adjusting the \u2018healthy donor effect\u2019 (HDE).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We examined the risk of gastrointestinal\/colorectal, breast and haematological cancers in regular high\u2010frequency whole blood (WB) donors using the Sax Institute's 45 and Up Study data linked with blood donation and other health\u2010related data. We calculated 5\u2010year cancer risks, risk differences and risk ratios. To mitigate HDE, we used 5\u2010year qualification period to select the exposure groups, and applied statistical adjustments using inverse probability weighting, along with other advanced doubly robust g\u2010methods.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>We identified 2867 (42.4%) as regular high\u2010frequency and 3888 (57.6%) as low\u2010frequency donors. The inverse probability weighted 5\u2010year risk difference between high and low\u2010frequency donors for gastrointestinal\/colorectal cancer was 0.2% (95% CI, \u22120.1% to 0.5%) with a risk ratio of 1.25 (0.83\u20131.68). For breast cancer, the risk difference was \u22120.2% (\u22120.9% to 0.4%), with a risk ratio of 0.87 (0.48\u20131.26). Regarding haematological cancers, the risk difference was 0.0% (\u22120.3% to 0.5%) with a risk ratio of 0.97 (0.55\u20131.40). Our doubly robust estimators targeted minimum loss\u2010based estimator (TMLE) and sequentially doubly robust (SDR) estimator, yielded similar results, but none of the findings were statistically significant.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After applying methods to mitigate the HDE, we did not find any statistically significant differences in the risk of gastrointestinal\/colorectal, breast and haematological cancers between regular high\u2010frequency and low\u2010frequency WB donors.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13734","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,20]],"date-time":"2024-09-20T00:29:16Z","timestamp":1726792156000},"page":"1234-1244","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Regular whole blood donation and gastrointestinal, breast, colorectal and haematological cancer risk among blood donors in Australia"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6610-4043","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Md Morshadur","family":"Rahman","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Andrew","family":"Hayen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"John K.","family":"Olynyk","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Curtin Medical School, Curtin University  Bentley Western Australia Australia"},{"name":"Fiona Stanley Hospital  Murdoch Western Australia Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Anne E.","family":"Cust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"The Daffodil Centre, The University of Sydney, a joint venture with Cancer Council NSW  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Sydney School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"David O.","family":"Irving","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Public Health, University of Technology Sydney  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1561-4171","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Surendra","family":"Karki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Research and Development, Australian Red Cross Lifeblood  Sydney New South Wales Australia"},{"name":"School of Population Health, University of New South Wales  Sydney New South Wales Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,19]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mrfmmm.2003.08.023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/0003-9861(86)90305-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910410507"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/ijc.2910560315"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1753-4887.2001.tb07002.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/jnci\/djn084"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1158\/0008-5472.CAN-14-0360"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.1993.33593255594.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/10428194.2015.1091928"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.gastro.2004.09.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/carcin\/bgt045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0039319"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/19.3.505"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01425.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2013\/814842"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.03055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/heartjnl-2018-314138"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dym184"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/ije\/dyac104"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17358"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"PefferK.Blood 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