{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,20]],"date-time":"2026-04-20T22:16:17Z","timestamp":1776723377821,"version":"3.51.2"},"reference-count":25,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1726012800000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>South Africa has a high prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) and to a lesser extent human T\u2010lymphotropic virus (HTLV). Each of these agents is transfusion\u2010transmissible (TT)\u00a0but deciding whether to implement preventive screening depends upon knowledge of background prevalence in transfused patients. We determined the prevalence of HIV, HBV and HTLV I\/II among blood transfusion recipients in South African hospitals.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We obtained identity\u2010unlinked samples used for blood cross\u2010matching at 634 South African hospitals served by the South African National Blood Service (SANBS). The ABBOTT Alinity S\u00ae Immunochemiluminescent system measured HIV, HBV and HTLV I\/II antibodies. Repeatedly reactive samples were confirmed using the Roche Cobas\u00ae 8000. Logistic regression was performed to investigate the determinants of associations for HIV, HBV and HTLV infections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>The overall prevalences of HIV, HBV and HTLV were 37.8%, 7.4% and 0.6%, respectively. The HIV prevalence in blood recipients was twice as high as general population estimates. Public hospital patients had a significantly higher prevalence compared with private hospital patients for HIV and HBV. HIV prevalence was significantly higher in females, and HBV prevalence was significantly higher in males, excluding the unknown gender results.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Patients receiving blood transfusions in South Africa have high rates of HIV and HBV infection that should be taken into consideration when determining donor screening strategies for other viral infections. Measurable prevalence of HTLV indicates endemicity of this infection in South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13735","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]],"date-time":"2024-09-11T23:54:51Z","timestamp":1726098891000},"page":"1166-1173","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["The prevalence of hepatitis B virus, human T\u2010lymphotropic virus and human immunodeficiency virus in patients receiving blood transfusions in South Africa"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"119","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1500-5659","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reynier J.","family":"Willemse","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Technical services South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Applied Sciences, Health Science Department Vaal University of Technology (VUT)  Vereeniging South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Christa J.","family":"Grobler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Faculty of Computer and Applied Sciences, Health Science Department Vaal University of Technology (VUT)  Vereeniging South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Epidemiology\/Biostatistics University of California San Francisco (UCSF)  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nareg","family":"Roubinian","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Departments of Laboratory Medicine and Epidemiology\/Biostatistics University of California San Francisco (UCSF)  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Division of Research Kaiser Permanente Northern California  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Charl","family":"Colemen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Technical services South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Solly","family":"Machaba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Technical services South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4383-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Transfusion Medicine and Technical services South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_8_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.HIV and AIDS in South Africa. Availble at:https:\/\/www.avert.org\/professionals\/hiv-around-world\/sub-saharan-africa\/south-africa. Last accessed 01 Aug 2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.8607"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)61412-X"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_5_1","first-page":"665","article-title":"Prevalence and transmission of HTLV\u2010I infection in Natal\/KwaZulu","volume":"83","author":"Bhigjee A","year":"1993","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.161594"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12987"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/v8090245"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_9_1","first-page":"299","article-title":"Characterising differences in red blood cell usage patterns between healthcare sectors in South Africa: 2014\u20102019","volume":"20","author":"Bolton L","year":"2021","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.idcr.2016.03.002"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2011.0342"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.03055.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12788"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.34123\/icdsos.v2021i1.93"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_15_1","unstructured":"Lehloenya G Masebe O Dibakwane L.Mid\u2010year population estimates. Stats SA. Available at:https:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publications\/p0302\/p03022017.pdf. Last accessed 05 August 2017."},{"key":"e_1_2_8_16_1","volume-title":"Global AIDS report 2018\u2014SANAC","author":"Bello B","year":"2018"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.59298\/NIJBAS\/2023\/1.2.11000"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_18_1","first-page":"468","article-title":"The evolving impact of HIV\/AIDS on outpatient health services in Kwazulu\u2010Natal, South Africa","volume":"98","author":"Parikh A","year":"2008","journal-title":"S Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1161\/01.STR.22.7.938"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0217415"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-12391-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.bjid.2018.05.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12778"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12105"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00063-09"},{"key":"e_1_2_8_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.7196\/SAMJ.4944"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.13735","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2024,11,14]],"date-time":"2024-11-14T00:20:50Z","timestamp":1731543650000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.13735"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]},"references-count":25,"journal-issue":{"issue":"11","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2024,11]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.13735"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.13735","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2024,9,11]]}}}