{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T09:38:12Z","timestamp":1773049092565,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"11","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1739750400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,11]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      We should control free K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      during massive transfusion (&gt;80\u2009mL\/kg) of red blood cells (RBCs) in small children. To manage this, several national and international guidelines recommend using RBCs stored only up to 7\u2009days. We tested a washing step for RBCs in saline\u2010adenine\u2010glucose\u2010mannitol (SAGM) with or without irradiation to reduce supernatant K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      levels, improve quality and potentially extend the shelf life of stored RBCs.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      RBCs of 240\u2013330\u2009mL were prepared from whole blood donations, then split into halves and stored in SAGM solution at 4\u2009\u00b1\u20092\u00b0C for 21\u2009days. RBCs were split and washed on Days 1 and 8, and some were gamma\u2010irradiated on Day 8. Glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), adenosine triphosphate (ATP), K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      and haemolysis were determined over 21\u2009days.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      After washing on Day 1, only glucose and lactate improved, whereas after washing on Day 8, LDH and K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      also improved. Irradiation resulted in accelerated K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      accumulation and increased haemolysis. Mean extracellular K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      concentrations were 21.2\u2009\u00b1\u20091.03\u2009mM after irradiation on Day 8 versus 1.12\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009mM after irradiation plus wash on Day 8, and 38.80\u2009\u00b1\u20092.13\u2009mM on Day 10 after irradiation on Day 8 and 16.6\u2009\u00b1\u20090.05\u2009mM on Day 10 after irradiation plus wash on Day 8.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      K\n                      <jats:sup>+<\/jats:sup>\n                      concentrations remained &lt;25\u2009mM within 8\u2009days of storage. We recommend irradiation by Day 8 at the latest for neonatal transfusion. The shelf life may be extended by another 48\u2009h if the RBCs are also washed.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70004","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]],"date-time":"2025-02-17T23:36:21Z","timestamp":1739835381000},"page":"1066-1073","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["Split red blood cell units contain defined extracellular K\n                    <sup>+<\/sup>\n                    levels, which are improved by a washing procedure"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Fabiola","family":"Hoppe","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jacqueline","family":"Maier","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Holger","family":"Kirsten","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology (IMISE), Faculty of Medicine Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1126-5763","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Martin","family":"Federbusch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Laboratory Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5895-4259","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Reinhard","family":"Henschler","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institute of Transfusion Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Leipzig University  Leipzig Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,2,17]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.12192"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","DOI":"10.1161\/JAHA.120.017748","article-title":"Potential consequences of the red blood cell storage lesion on cardiac electrophysiology","volume":"9","author":"OReilly MF","year":"2020","journal-title":"J Am Heart Assoc"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ejim.2015.01.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fped.2021.765306"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2011.01.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/2012.jama.11953"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"Guide to the preparation, use and quality assurance of blood components: Recommendation no. 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