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The pathogenesis underlying this condition is maternal red cell alloimmunization, with immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies produced in response to \u2018non\u2010self\u2019, inherited paternal antigens expressed upon fetal erythrocytes. The IgG antibodies cross the placenta into the fetal circulation causing red cell destruction and fetal anaemia. Intrauterine transfusion (IUT) remains the cornerstone therapy with fetal survival rates up to 97%, but it is an invasive, technically challenging surgical procedure performed at specialized medical centres. The procedure\u2010related risk of IUTs is increased at gestational age before 24\u2009weeks. This has stimulated interest in maternal medical therapies that attenuate the risk of severe fetal anaemia, increase the gestational age of first IUTs, and reduce perinatal mortality and morbidity. This review summarizes current evidence for such treatments: intravenous immunoglobulin therapy and neonatal fragment crystallizable (Fc) receptor blockade for managing severe HDFN.<\/jats:p>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70027","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]],"date-time":"2025-04-22T22:59:08Z","timestamp":1745362748000},"page":"644-652","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":7,"title":["The contemporary management of haemolytic disease of the fetus and newborn"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9987-4223","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Mark D.","family":"Kilby","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"College of Medical Science University of Birmingham  Birmingham UK"},{"name":"Fetal Medicine Centre Birmingham Women's and Children's Foundation Trust  Birmingham UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"James B.","family":"Bussel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Weill Cornell School of Medicine  New York New York USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"suffix":"Jr","given":"Kenneth J.","family":"Moise","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Women's Health Dell Medical School\u2010University of Texas at Austin  Austin Texas USA"},{"name":"Comprehensive Fetal Care Center Dell Children's Medical Center  Austin Texas USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,4,22]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_16_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tog.12740"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3026(16)30019-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005709"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nri2155"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13977"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15004"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/bloodadvances.2023012241"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2008.01742.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_10_1","first-page":"207","volume-title":"Fetal and neonatal surgery and medicine","author":"Moise KJ","year":"2025"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/17474086.2022.2138853"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/CBO9781107585843.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2007.01625.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21307\/immunohematology-2019-134"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1471-0528.2000.tb13266.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJM199803193381204"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/eji.1830150718"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4049\/jimmunol.1403014"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1073\/pnas.2004325117"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2012\/985646"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00076.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1423-0410.1990.tb00854.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000002232"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2015.01.059"},{"key":"e_1_2_16_25_1","unstructured":"SurendranSK AllardS ReganF Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists.The Management of Women with Red Cell Antibodies during Pregnancy. 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