{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,4,4]],"date-time":"2026-04-04T08:47:09Z","timestamp":1775292429531,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":13,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>The results of a global survey on blood safety measures to prevent transfusion\u2010transmitted infectious diseases (TTIDs) were analysed, focusing on TTID testing requirements, practices and associated donor actions (vigilance).<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responses by country\/region (C\/R) were categorized by World Bank income (WBI) levels: low\u2010 and lower middle\u2010income (LLMI), upper middle\u2010income (UMI) and high\u2010income (HI). Consensus responses were used for C\/Rs with multiple survey responses. Regions within China and India were analysed separately. Survey questions on TTID testing and donor vigilance were compared across WBI levels.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responses from 74 C\/Rs representing 65 countries and Hong Kong were analysed. All C\/Rs reported mandatory human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) screening, with a few exceptions for syphilis. Most testing standards were set by national law, using antibody and\/or antigen testing for HIV, HBV and HCV; antibody testing was common for syphilis. Nucleic acid testing (NAT) was less common in LLMI than in UMI and HI C\/Rs. Confirmatory testing was reported by almost all (96%) C\/Rs, often using the same screening test. All C\/Rs provided educational material to donors, and deferred\/notified donors based on reactive\/positive TTID results. Most C\/Rs reported reactive\/positive results to a central entity, and 89% withdrew and destroyed in\u2010date units from previous collections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>All reporting C\/Rs screened for HIV, HBV and HCV, with most using confirmatory testing. Advanced tests such as NAT were less common in LLMI C\/Rs. Donor vigilance was consistent across income groups, with education, notification and deferral for TTID results, and most reporting withdrawal\/destruction of previous collections.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70056","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T20:44:24Z","timestamp":1749069864000},"page":"802-811","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion\u2010transmitted infectious diseases\u2014study results 2: Testing and donor vigilance"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2507-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galen","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party for Global Blood Safety, International Society of Blood Transfusion  McLean Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1941-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvano","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Sirio\u2010Liban\u00eas Blood Bank  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Tayou Tagny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Teaching Hospital  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Innovation, H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics Sherbrooke University  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divjot Singh","family":"Lamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4958-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesley","family":"Bust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Society for Blood Transfusion  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Chancelar","family":"Kafere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Coordination, Regulatory Service Paul\u2010Ehrlich\u2010Institut  Langen Germany"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Diagnostic Solutions  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0835-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Roussakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences University of Southern Queensland  Toowoomba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5023-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hany","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party for Global Blood Safety, International Society of Blood Transfusion  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger Y.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5865-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party for Global Blood Safety International Society of Blood Transfusion  North Potomac Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"name":"the Harmonization Subgroup of the ISBT Working Party on Global Blood Safety","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Blood Safety and Availability. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blood-safety-and-availability. Last accessed 12 Oct 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Database on Blood Safety. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/health\u2010product\u2010policy\u2010and\u2010standards\/standards\u2010and\u2010specifications\/blood\u2010and\u2010products\u2010of\u2010human\u2010origin\/quality\u2010and\u2010safety\/global\u2010database\u2010on\u2010blood\u2010safety#:~:text=The%20WHO%20Global%20Database%20on blood%20safety%20and%20availability%20globally. Last accessed 12 Oct 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","volume-title":"Global status report on blood safety and availability 2021","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","first-page":"793","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70057","article-title":"An international survey on presence of laws, regulations, standards and best practices for the prevention of transfusion\u2010transmitted infectious diseases; study results 1: participation rates and the presence of laws, regulations, standards and best practices","volume":"120","author":"Conti G","year":"2025","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"World Bank Blogs.World Bank Country Classifications by Income Level for 2024\u20132025.2024. Available from:https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/opendata\/world-bank-country-classifications-by-income-level-for-2024-2025. Last accessed 12 Sep 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4045\/tidsskr.08.0188"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13592"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4084\/mjhid.2012.060"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CMR.00005-11"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2014.09.003"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13763"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12508"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70056","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,27]],"date-time":"2025-08-27T23:39:17Z","timestamp":1756337957000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.70056"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"references-count":13,"journal-issue":{"issue":"8","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.70056"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.70056","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]}}}