{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,23]],"date-time":"2026-10-23T11:41:27Z","timestamp":1792755687978,"version":"4.5.0"},"reference-count":20,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1748995200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>A global survey on blood safety measures to prevent transfusion\u2010transmitted infectious diseases (TTIDs) was performed by examining variations in current usage. This analysis focuses on participation rates and the presence of relevant laws, regulations, standards and best practices for collection\/processing of whole blood\/components.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Distribution occurred between October 2023 and March 2024. States, provinces or cities within China and India were analysed as separate regions. Country\/region (C\/R) responses were categorized by World Bank income (WBI) levels: low\u2010 and lower middle\u2010income (LLMI), upper middle\u2010income (UMI) and high\u2010income (HI). Consensus responses were used for multiple survey responses.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Responses from 131 individuals representing 74 C\/Rs (65 countries, Hong Kong, counted separately, and 8 regions in China\/India) were analysed. Affirmative responses for laws, regulations and standards were similar across WBI levels. Regulatory jurisdiction for blood\/components was present in 96% of C\/Rs (HI 100%, UMI 100%, LLMI 87%) and 94% at a national level when present (HI 100%, UMI 94%, LLMI 85%). All HI, UMI and 74% LLMI C\/Rs reported routinely separating whole blood into components. HI C\/Rs were more likely to screen for bacterial contamination, whereas periodic platelet quality control was more common in LLMI and UMI C\/Rs. Pathogen reduction and universal leukocyte reduction were more common in HI C\/Rs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>Laws, regulations and standards for collection\/processing of blood were consistent across WBI groups. Resource\u2010intensive practices of blood component separation and use of advanced blood safety technologies were more variable, with less utilization in LLMI\/UMI C\/Rs.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70057","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]],"date-time":"2025-06-04T20:44:40Z","timestamp":1749069880000},"page":"793-801","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":3,"title":["An international survey on measures to prevent transfusion\u2010transmitted infectious diseases\u2014study results 1:  Participation rates and the presence of laws, regulations, standards and best practices"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2507-9141","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Galen","family":"Conti","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jay","family":"Epstein","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party for Global Blood Safety International Society of Blood Transfusion  McLean Virginia USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1941-7733","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Silvano","family":"Wendel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Hospital Sirio\u2010Liban\u00eas Blood Bank  S\u00e3o Paulo Brazil"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2179-3105","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Claude","family":"Tayou Tagny","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"University Teaching Hospital  Yaound\u00e9 Cameroon"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-1748-4198","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Antoine","family":"Lewin","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Medical Affairs and Innovation, H\u00e9ma\u2010Qu\u00e9bec  Montreal Quebec Canada"},{"name":"Department of Mathematics Sherbrooke University  Sherbrooke Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-0961-0369","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Divjot Singh","family":"Lamba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Post Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Research  Chandigarh India"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0009-4958-1874","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lesley","family":"Bust","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Africa Society for Blood Transfusion  Cape Town South Africa"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Chancelar","family":"Kafere","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Coordination, Regulatory Service Paul\u2010Ehrlich\u2010Institut  Langen Germany"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Jean","family":"Stanley","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Roche Diagnostic Solutions  Pleasanton California USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0006-0835-7305","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Maria","family":"Roussakis","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"School of Health and Medical Sciences University of Southern Queensland  Toowoomba Queensland Australia"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5023-8517","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Hany","family":"Kamel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party for Global Blood Safety International Society of Blood Transfusion  Scottsdale Arizona USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9208-347X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Roger Y.","family":"Dodd","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"American Red Cross  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5865-6366","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan L.","family":"Stramer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Working Party for Global Blood Safety International Society of Blood Transfusion  North Potomac Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"the ISBT Working Party for Global Blood Safety Subgroup on Harmonization of Regulations and Standards","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,4]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Blood Safety and Availability. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/news-room\/fact-sheets\/detail\/blood-safety-and-availability. Last accessed 10 Dec 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global Database on Blood Safety. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/teams\/health\u2010product\u2010policy\u2010and\u2010standards\/standards\u2010and\u2010specifications\/blood\u2010and\u2010products\u2010of\u2010human\u2010origin\/quality\u2010and\u2010safety\/global\u2010database\u2010on\u2010blood\u2010safety#:~:text=The%20WHO%20Global%20Database%20on blood%20safety%20and%20availability%20globally. Last accessed 10 Dec 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"European Commission.Blood. Available from:https:\/\/health.ec.europa.eu\/blood-tissues-cells-and-organs\/blood_en#legislation. Last accessed 23 Dec 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Caribbean Regional Standards for Blood Banks and Transfusion Services","author":"Pan American Health Organization","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"Africa Society for Blood Transfusion.Accreditation Overview. Available from:https:\/\/afsbt.org\/accreditation-overview\/. Last accessed 23 Dec 2024."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"157","article-title":"ISBT international survey on practices, standards and regulatory requirements for TTID testing: a limited preliminary response","volume":"117","author":"Kamel H","year":"2022","journal-title":"Vox Sang"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"World Bank Blogs.World Bank Country Classifications by Income Level for 2024\u20132025.2024. Available from:https:\/\/blogs.worldbank.org\/en\/opendata\/world-bank-country-classifications-by-income-level-for-2024-2025. 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