{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,24]],"date-time":"2026-08-24T01:02:38Z","timestamp":1787533358744,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":17,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]],"date-time":"2025-06-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1749427200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000098","name":"Clinical Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["ZIC CL002128"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["ZIC CL002128"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000098","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Noninvasive fetal antigen genotyping can assist the management of immunized pregnant women, and fetal <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> genotyping can be used as a screening assay to guide restricted use of Rh prophylaxis. Based on a survey, we present an overview of the implementation of noninvasive fetal antigen genotyping into clinical practice.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>A survey was developed and sent out to the members of the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) working party on Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology and to participants of the international noninvasive fetal <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> genotyping programme from the Danish Institute for External Quality Assurance for Laboratories in the health sector (DEKS). The survey contained four sections: fetal <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> screening, fetal <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> genotyping for RhD immunized women, fetal genotyping of other antigen targets than RhD and a section for collecting topics for future collaboration. The survey data were evaluated by the core author group.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Fifty\u2010two survey responders were from 22 countries. Fetal <jats:italic>RHD<\/jats:italic> screening was implemented by 73%, foremost using real\u2010time PCR with <jats:italic>in\u2010house<\/jats:italic> assays, primarily, or commercially available kits. Most laboratories use the same assay for RhD immunized women. Thirty\u2010eight percent of the responders test for other antigen targets than RhD, using either real\u2010time PCR, droplet digital PCR (ddPCR) or DNA sequencing. There was an interest in collaborations on topics across methodology, technology, strategy and health care regulations.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>In general, we found that noninvasive fetal blood group antigen genotyping is well implemented. However, our results are biased towards high\u2010income countries, Europe and laboratories already running noninvasive fetal antigen genotyping.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70062","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,12]],"date-time":"2025-06-12T10:53:53Z","timestamp":1749725633000},"page":"935-943","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":5,"title":["Noninvasive fetal antigen genotyping: Results from a survey on the status of clinical implementation"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2487-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Frederik Banch","family":"Clausen","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of Blood Genetics, Department of Clinical Immunology Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"},{"name":"cfDNA Subgroup from the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Working Party on Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology (RCIBGT)  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"\u00c5sa","family":"Hellberg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"cfDNA Subgroup from the International Society of Blood Transfusion (ISBT) Working Party on Red Cell Immunogenetics and Blood Group Terminology (RCIBGT)  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine Office of Medical Service, Region Sk\u00e5ne  Lund Sweden"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-3446-8766","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"C\u00e9cile","family":"Toly\u2010Ndour","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Laboratory of the French National Reference Center in Perinatal Hemobiology, Assistance Publique des de Paris (AP\u2010HP)  Paris France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Emilie Thorup","family":"Nielsen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Center of Fetal Medicine, Department of Gynecology, Fertility and Pregnancy Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshospitalet  Copenhagen Denmark"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7044-0525","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Masja","family":"de Haas","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Immunohaematology Diagnostic Services Sanquin Diagnostic Services and Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"},{"name":"Department of Haematology Leiden University Medical Center  Leiden The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"name":"The Noninvasive Fetal Antigen Genotyping Survey Group","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12265"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005692"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2478\/immunohematology-2024-004"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0235807"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ajog.2019.05.019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(23)01888-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","unstructured":"ACOG.Rho (D) Immune Globulin Shortages. Practice Advisory March 2024. American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. Available from:https:\/\/www.acog.org\/clinical\/clinical\u2010guidance\/practice\u2010advisory\/articles\/2024\/03\/rhod\u2010immune\u2010globulin\u2010shortages. Last accessed 16 Apr 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/AOG.0000000000005630"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","first-page":"101","article-title":"Noninvasive fetal blood group antigen genotyping","volume":"23","author":"Clausen FB","year":"2024","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1046\/j.1537-2995.2002.00165.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.21037\/aob-21-41"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12617"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.13098"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1182\/blood.2023022893"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.pathol.2017.08.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13172"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1055\/a-2404-8089"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70062","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,10]],"date-time":"2025-09-10T23:46:01Z","timestamp":1757547961000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.70062"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]},"references-count":17,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.70062"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.70062","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2025,6,9]]}}}