{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2025,9,11]],"date-time":"2025-09-11T22:54:15Z","timestamp":1757631255292,"version":"3.44.0"},"reference-count":22,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]],"date-time":"2025-07-14T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1752451200000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by-nc-nd\/4.0\/"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/100000061","name":"Fogarty International Center","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["2D43\u2010TW010345"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["2D43\u2010TW010345"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/100000061","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Recruiting blood donors among a population with a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden requires detailed information on HIV risks. We studied demographic and behavioural risk factors for incident HIV infection among blood donors in South Africa.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>We conducted a case\u2013control study. Incident HIV was defined as HIV antibody negative and RNA positive, or concordant serology and RNA positive with a limiting antigen avidity assay optical density of &lt;1.5. Cases were matched to infection\u2010negative controls (ratio 1:3) on race, age and geography. Risk factors in the 6\u2009months before donation were ascertained by audio computer\u2010assisted self\u2010interview. Data were fitted using separate multivariable logistic regression models for males and females.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>From April 2014 to March 2017, we enrolled 323 people with incident HIV and 877 controls. Among women, incident HIV was associated with sex with a person living with HIV (PLWH) or unknown HIV status, multiple male sex partners, never or occasional condom use, anal preparation before sex, first\u2010time donor status and referral to donation by a healthcare worker. Among men, incident HIV was associated with being aged 31\u201340\u2009years, sex with a PLWH or unknown HIV status, multiple sex partners, more than four lifetime male sex partners, gay\/bisexual identity, marriage or stable partnership, lower education, penetrative injury, occasional condom use and first\u2010time or lapsed donor status. Some novel or indirect risks for incident HIV were also observed.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>We confirmed the known sexual behaviours asked on the donor screening questionnaire. The findings highlight ongoing challenges in donor disclosure during selection and the importance of donor education.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70071","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,15]],"date-time":"2025-07-15T05:59:32Z","timestamp":1752559172000},"page":"892-903","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Risk factors for incident human immunodeficiency virus infection in South African blood donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8302-1178","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Avril","family":"Swarts","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-9805-8013","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Karin","family":"van den Berg","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4383-4526","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Marion","family":"Vermeulen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"},{"name":"School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences University of the Free State  Bloemfontein South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5841-0542","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ute","family":"Jentsch","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Darryl","family":"Creel","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ronel","family":"Swanevelder","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"South African National Blood Service  Johannesburg South Africa"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jennifer J.","family":"Hemingway\u2010Foday","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"RTI International  Rockville Maryland USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Edward L.","family":"Murphy","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Health Policy Science Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Epidemiology\/Biostatistics University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Brian","family":"Custer","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Epidemiology and Health Policy Science Vitalant Research Institute  San Francisco California USA"},{"name":"Department of Laboratory Medicine and Epidemiology\/Biostatistics University of California San Francisco  San Francisco California USA"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,7,14]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"UNAIDS.Epidemiological Estimates.2024. UNAIDS financial estimates. Available from:https:\/\/hivfinancial.unaids.org\/hivfinancialdashboards.html. Last accessed 23 Apr 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.16702"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"National Department of Health.The national HIV and syphilis prevalence survey South Africa. Report.2007. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.za\/xh\/documents\/other\/national\u2010hiv\u2010and\u2010syphilis\u2010prevalence\u2010survey\u2010south\u2010africa\u20102007\u201029\u2010aug\u20102008. Last accessed 1 Jul 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"StatsSA.Mid\u2010year population estimates for 2022.2022. Available from:https:\/\/www.statssa.gov.za\/publications\/P0302\/P03022022.pdf. Last accessed 5 Jan 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2009.02110.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2174\/1874613601610010034"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12987"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"South Africa.HIV epidemic response and policy synthesis getting to success: improving HIV prevention efforts in South Africa.2011. Available from:https:\/\/www.hst.org.za\/publications\/NonHST%20Publications\/South%20Africa%20national%20synthesis%20report%20rev1%20with%20covers.pdfLast accessed 5 Jan 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","unstructured":"Sedia Biosciences Corporation.Sedia\u00ae HIV\u20111 LAg\u2011avidity EIA (for serum or plasma specimens) [technical report]Portland OR:Sedia Biosciences Corporation;2014."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/ajts.AJTS_47_18"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2024.02.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/ijerph19138125"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","first-page":"140","article-title":"HIV incidence in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: a review of available data with implications for surveillance and prevention planning","volume":"11","author":"Braunstein SL","year":"2009","journal-title":"AIDS Rev."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.13587"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12957"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1080\/13691050801894819"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"85","article-title":"Not mission impossible","volume":"38","author":"Parsons J","year":"2009","journal-title":"Aust Fam Physician."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0033328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pgph.0001502"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3201\/eid2309.161594"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","unstructured":"Let our actions count South Africa's national strategic plan for HIV TB and STIs 2017\u20132022. 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