{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,29]],"date-time":"2026-03-29T01:30:15Z","timestamp":1774747815386,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":28,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,6]],"date-time":"2025-08-06T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1754438400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2025,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title><jats:sec><jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title><jats:p>Universal mini\u2010pool nucleic acid testing (NAT) for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) in blood donations has been introduced in Taiwan since 2013. This study aimed to evaluate changes in donors' infection profiles and residual risks of transfusion\u2010transmitted infections (TTIs) for these viruses after NAT implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title><jats:p>Donations from 15 January 2013 to December 2023 were included in this study. Residual risks associated with the window period (WP) and occult HBV infection (OBI) were both estimated.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Results<\/jats:title><jats:p>Among 19,756,973 donations, 465, 5592 and 23,534 were confirmed positive for HIV, HCV and HBV, respectively. A high proportion of HBV\u2010positive donations was NAT\u2010yield donations (19.5%), particularly among repeat donors (61.3%). Donor prevalences for these viruses declined regardless of first\u2010time or repeat donors. The residual risks of WP per million donations in 2022\u20132023 were estimated at 0.08 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.02\u20130.17) for HIV\u2010TTI, 0.31 (95% CI: 0.24\u20130.55) for HCV\u2010TTI and 26.38 (95% CI: 12.81\u201350.06) for HBV\u2010TTI, with significant declining trends for HIV\u2010TTI and HBV\u2010TTI since universal NAT implementation. The residual risk of OBI was relatively high yet decreasing, accounting for more than half of the total residual risk for HBV\u2010TTI in 2022\u20132023.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec><jats:sec><jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title><jats:p>After NAT implementation in Taiwan, prevalences and residual risks of TTI for HIV, HCV and HBV have declined. Although the residual risk of HBV\u2010TTI remains relatively high, it is comparable to that in other endemic areas, and no cases of TTI from these viruses have been reported since NAT implementation.<\/jats:p><\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70083","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,8,7]],"date-time":"2025-08-07T01:00:41Z","timestamp":1754528441000},"page":"995-1003","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Trends in donor infection profiles and residual risks of transfusion\u2010transmitted human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus and hepatitis B virus after the implementation of universal mini\u2010pool nucleic acid testing in Taiwan"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"120","author":[{"given":"Wen\u2010Jie","family":"Liu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Blood Services Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ching\u2010Mei","family":"Yu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Blood Services Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7583-3790","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yun\u2010Yuan","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Blood Services Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Jen\u2010Wei","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Blood Services Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Tang","family":"Wei","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Blood Services Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Sheng\u2010Mou","family":"Hou","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Taiwan Blood Services Foundation  Taipei Taiwan"},{"name":"Shin Kong Wu Ho\u2010Su Memorial Hospital  Taipei 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