{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,1,15]],"date-time":"2026-01-15T14:40:06Z","timestamp":1768488006528,"version":"3.49.0"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"1","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]],"date-time":"2025-10-29T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1761696000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,1]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Although COVID\u201019 convalescent plasma (CCP) has been successfully used to treat several viral infections, its effectiveness in neutralizing severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS\u2010CoV\u20102) and its broader immunological safety remain debated. Since viral infections can trigger autoimmunity, particularly through molecular mimicry and immune dysregulation, there is growing interest in understanding whether CCP contains autoantibodies that could affect recipient safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>In this study, we evaluated the presence of 20 different autoantibodies, along with anti\u2010SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies, in plasma samples from CCP donors. Samples were collected at three time intervals following COVID\u201019 symptom onset: 0\u201360, 60\u2013120 and 120\u2013180\u2009days. Results were compared with those from healthy control plasma donors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several autoantibodies\u2014 anti\u2010Smith (anti\u2010SM), anti\u2010Sj\u00f6gren syndrome antigen A, 60\u2010kDa isoform (anti\u2010SSA\/Ro60), anti\u2010proliferating cell nuclear antigen (anti\u2010PCNA), anti\u2010Ribosomal P and anti\u2010ribonucleoprotein\/Smith antigen complex (anti\u2010RNP\/SM)\u2014showed modestly elevated levels in CCP samples collected within 0\u201360\u2009days post symptom onset. In the 60\u2013120\u2010day period, autoantibody levels declined and approached levels observed in the control group. In the 120\u2013180\u2010day period, most autoantibody levels remained comparable to control levels. Our analysis showed no significant correlations between levels of neutralizing SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 antibodies and autoantibody concentrations nor significant differences in autoantibody profiles between donors with high and low neutralizing antibody (NAb) titres.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Our findings suggest that SARS\u2010CoV\u20102 infection may transiently elevate certain autoantibodies in CCP donors. However, most autoantibody levels decline over time and the overall profiles do not indicate sustained autoreactivity. These results support the immunological safety of CCP, particularly when collected between 60 and 120\u2009days post infection, and highlight the importance of timing in optimizing both efficacy and safety in plasma donation strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70140","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,30]],"date-time":"2025-10-30T01:30:09Z","timestamp":1761787809000},"page":"54-63","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Autoantibodies in\n                    <scp>COVID<\/scp>\n                    \u201019 convalescent plasma donors"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7859-289X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Katerina","family":"Jazbec Gradi\u0161ar","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Klemen","family":"\u017diberna","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Polonca","family":"Mali","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Ivica","family":"Mari\u0107","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Primo\u017e","family":"Ro\u017eman","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-8312-1331","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Elvira","family":"Mali\u010dev","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Blood Transfusion Centre of Slovenia  Ljubljana Slovenia"},{"name":"Biotechnical Faculty University of Ljubljana  Ljubljana Slovenia"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2025,10,29]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.cmi.2021.01.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41564-020-00813-8"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41586-021-03631-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11356-022-20984-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.autrev.2020.102597"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jtauto.2020.100073"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.eclinm.2022.101783"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41467-021-25509-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.mehy.2020.110345"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12967-022-03328-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3390\/cells10020206"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"crossref","unstructured":"JoynerMJ SenefeldJW KlassenSA MillsJR JohnsonPW TheelES et al.Effect of convalescent plasma on mortality among hospitalized patients with COVID\u201019: initial three\u2010month experience.2020. 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