{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T07:07:52Z","timestamp":1773385672213,"version":"3.50.1"},"reference-count":35,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"3","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]],"date-time":"2026-02-10T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770681600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Transfusion\u2010transmitted syphilis remains a concern, necessitating robust screening. This study evaluates the prevalence of syphilis among blood donors using electrochemiluminescence immunoassay (ECLIA), rapid diagnostic card test (RDT) and venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) tests, comparing their diagnostic performance.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>A prospective observational study was conducted on 10,403 donors by ECLIA. Reactive samples underwent RDT and VDRL testing. Additionally, 100 ECLIA\u2010negative controls were retested to assess test specificity as well as internal validation. Qualitative and quantitative VDRL testing were performed. Correlations between ECLIA cut\u2010off index (COI) values and VDRL titres were analysed. Statistical analyses included descriptive statistics, Chi\u2010square tests as well as receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve and area under the curve (AUC) for each method.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Syphilis prevalence was 1.05% (109\/10,403) by ECLIA. Of these, 85% were RDT\u2010reactive and 60.5% VDRL\u2010reactive. All ECLIA\u2010negative controls were non\u2010reactive in RDT and VDRL. VDRL showed 83.3% sensitivity, 97.7% specificity and an AUC of 0.950. RDT demonstrated 97.8% sensitivity, 93.7% specificity and an AUC of 0.985. ECLIA COI values correlated strongly with VDRL titres (\n                      <jats:italic>\u03c1<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.822,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001). No significant association was found with gender or donor category.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ECLIA proved to be a reliable primary screening tool for syphilis because of its high sensitivity and strong correlation with VDRL titres. RDT showed superior diagnostic accuracy compared to VDRL, supporting its use as a supplementary method in resource\u2010limited settings. These findings highlight the need for robust screening strategies to enhance transfusion safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70190","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T01:34:16Z","timestamp":1770773656000},"page":"271-280","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Prevalence and diagnostic accuracy of syphilis screening in blood donors: A prospective observational study comparing three different serological platforms"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7901-3434","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Ansuman","family":"Sahu","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Nayana","family":"VK","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"given":"Kavita","family":"Gupta","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"},{"name":"Department of Microbiology Postgraduate Institute of Child Health  Noida Uttar Pradesh India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-9977-5409","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Debasish","family":"Mishra","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-6814-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Satya","family":"Prakash","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-2272-5569","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Somnath","family":"Mukherjee","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine All India Institute of Medical Sciences  Bhubaneswar Odisha India"}],"role":[{"role":"author","vocabulary":"crossref"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/nrdp.2017.73"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0211720"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2471\/BLT.12.107623"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","article-title":"Syphilis in blood donors in Nigeria","volume":"32","author":"Anochie I","year":"2019","journal-title":"Pan Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2011.07.006"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"362","article-title":"Comparison of syphilis testing in blood donors by CLIA & RPR along with reactive donor notification & counseling in a teaching hospital of Lucknow","volume":"36","author":"Chaurasia R","year":"2020","journal-title":"Indian J Hematol Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1093\/cid\/ciaa176"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","article-title":"Seroprevalence of transfusion\u2010transmissible infections among voluntary blood donors at Dire Dawa blood bank, Eastern Ethiopia: a 10\u2010year retrospective study","volume":"21","author":"Ameya G","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMC Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CVI.00505-14"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/00365548.2014.926564"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1109\/TBME.2011.2109251"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1128\/CDLI.7.4.658-661.2000"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0019-5154.92666"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.apme.2016.11.005"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","unstructured":"Central Drugs Standard Control Organization (CDSCO).2020.18.03_Final G.S.R. 166(E)_Amendment in Part X B & Part XII B pertains to Blood centre and Blood components. Available from:https:\/\/www.cdsco.gov.in\/opencms\/opencms\/system\/modules\/CDSCO.WEB\/elements\/download_file_division.jsp?num_id=NTc2MQ==. Last accessed 4 Aug 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"44","volume-title":"Laboratory manual for diagnosis of sexually transmitted and reproductive tract infections","author":"Department of AIDS Control","year":"2014"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.rr7301a1"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.15585\/mmwr.mm6542a5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-025-97381-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70102"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2013.10.013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2013-051184.0466"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2014\/154048"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.18034\/ra.v10i2.613"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmjopen-2018-024393"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","first-page":"210","article-title":"Sero\u2010prevalence of syphilis among patients with mental illness: comparison with blood donors","volume":"32","author":"Issa B","year":"2013","journal-title":"West Afr J Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","first-page":"409","article-title":"Comparison of seropositivity of HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis in replacement and voluntary blood donors in Western India","volume":"44","author":"Garg S","year":"2001","journal-title":"Indian J Pathol Microbiol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.150955"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","article-title":"Seropositivity for syphilis among Brazilian blood donors: a retrospective study 2015\u20132020","volume":"60","author":"Kluppel GPZ","year":"2021","journal-title":"Transfus Apher Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.ijid.2018.12.016"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.jiac.2018.07.017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3109\/23744235.2016.1142674"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.diagmicrobio.2024.116267"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/gjtm.gjtm_45_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_36_1","volume-title":"Updated recommendations for the treatment of Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema pallidum (syphilis), and new recommendations on syphilis testing and partner services. WHO guidelines approved by the guidelines review committee","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2024"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70190","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vox.70190","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70190","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,13]],"date-time":"2026-03-13T02:07:42Z","timestamp":1773367662000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.70190"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]},"references-count":35,"journal-issue":{"issue":"3","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,3]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.70190"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.70190","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,10]]}}}