{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T01:00:26Z","timestamp":1781139626819,"version":"3.54.1"},"reference-count":58,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]],"date-time":"2026-03-02T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1772409600000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Sub\u2010Saharan Africa (SSA) faces significant challenges in implementing effective haemovigilance systems, thereby increasing the risk of adverse events following transfusion. This systematic review and meta\u2010analysis assessed the frequency, clinical patterns and determinants of acute transfusion reactions (ATRs) in the region, in order to inform evidence\u2010based prevention strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The review followed Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta\u2010Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, and the studies were a priori stratified by design. Pooled proportions were calculated using a random\u2010effects meta\u2010analysis.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Twenty\u2010six studies conducted in 13 countries and published up to 30 November 2024 were included; 15 were retrospective and 11 were prospective. When calculated per patient, the pooled ATR rate was 64 per 1000 patients in retrospective studies and 112 per 1000 patients in prospective studies. When estimated per unit transfused, the corresponding rates were 23 per 1000\u2009units and 136 per 1000\u2009units, respectively. The most frequently reported manifestations were consistent with febrile non\u2010haemolytic reactions (41.8%) and allergic reactions (24.9%). Potentially life\u2010threatening reactions occurred in 14%, and 0.94% resulted in death. Whole blood transfusion, multiple transfused units and previous transfusion exposure were identified as factors associated with ATR occurrence.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>ATRs are common in SSA and are strongly associated with the use of whole blood. The broader implementation of blood component therapy could substantially reduce their burden. Central to ATR prevention in the region are strengthening pre\u2010transfusion evaluation and testing, expanding leukoreduction, establishing robust in\u2010hospital haemovigilance systems and promoting appropriate blood use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70203","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,8]],"date-time":"2026-03-08T17:10:46Z","timestamp":1772989846000},"page":"689-699","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Acute transfusion reactions in sub\u2010Saharan Africa: A systematic review and meta\u2010analysis"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0002-8199-5806","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Stephen","family":"Twumasi","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-5635-7939","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Lilian Antwi","family":"Boateng","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Medical Diagnostics Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"},{"name":"Laboratory Department, University Health Services Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology  Kumasi Ghana"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-1309-7281","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Alain Mayindu","family":"Ngoma","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre int\u00e9gr\u00e9 de sant\u00e9 et de services sociaux de l'Outaouais  Quebec Canada"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-4441-5051","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Henk","family":"Schonewille","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Experimental Immunohematology Sanquin Research  Amsterdam The Netherlands"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,2]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S0140-6736(15)01313-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.71152\/ajms.v14i8.3686"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15280"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","volume-title":"Global status report on blood safety and availability 2021","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","volume-title":"WHO African region status report on blood availability, safety and quality","author":"World Health Organization","year":"2022"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","first-page":"1","article-title":"The PRISMA 2020 statement: an updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews","volume":"372","author":"Page MJ","year":"2021","journal-title":"BMJ"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","volume-title":"The National Institutes of Health Study quality assessment tools","author":"U.S Department of Health and Human Services, National Institutes of Health (NIH), National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI)","year":"2020"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/XEB.0000000000000141"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/0962280218773520"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/096228029300200202"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1186"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/sim.1221"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","first-page":"30","article-title":"Pattern, indications and review of complications of neonatal blood transfusion in Ibadan, Southwest Nigeria","volume":"9","author":"Ayede A","year":"2011","journal-title":"Ann Ib Postgrad Med"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/asan.v22i1.2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.30574\/ijsra.2024.11.1.0328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Incidence and clinical pattern of immune mediated blood transfusion reactions in Maiduguri, Nigeria","volume":"1","author":"Ahmed S","year":"2004","journal-title":"Niger J Basic Clin Sci"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"143","article-title":"Blood transfusion reactions; 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