{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,10,9]],"date-time":"2026-10-09T01:50:21Z","timestamp":1791510621043,"version":"4.3.4"},"reference-count":16,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"10","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]],"date-time":"2026-02-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1770768000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,10]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Japan's geographical and climatic vulnerability to natural disasters, including earthquakes, tsunamis and typhoons, presents significant challenges to maintaining a stable blood supply during emergencies. This review synthesizes lessons learned from three major earthquakes\u2014the 1995 Great Hanshin\u2010Awaji, the 2011 Great East Japan and the 2016 Kumamoto earthquakes\u2014to inform disaster preparedness and blood service resilience.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Key measures implemented by the Japanese Red Cross Blood Services (JRCBS) were examined, with a focus on systemic challenges, disaster response protocols and technological innovations that enhanced service continuity during and after large\u2010scale disasters.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The implementation of the Wide\u2010Area Management System (WAMS) in 2012 enabled centralized testing, processing and real\u2010time national inventory management, facilitating efficient redistribution of blood products during crises. Communication disruptions due to reliance on traditional telephone and fax lines remain a challenge. A recently introduced web\u2010based ordering system has improved operational reliability. Transport logistics are also vulnerable; contingency strategies involving maritime routes, helicopters and drones are being explored. A potential large\u2010scale earthquake beneath the Tokyo Metropolitan Area underscores the urgency of enhancing coordination with hospitals and developing multi\u2010modal transport plans. JRCBS operational continuity guidelines provide structured protocols to ensure rapid recovery if key facilities are incapacitated.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Japan's experience highlights the importance of integrated management systems, robust communication infrastructure and diversified transport options in maintaining blood supply during disasters. These strategies offer a model for enhancing blood service resilience in disaster\u2010prone regions globally.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70208","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,12]],"date-time":"2026-02-12T01:39:42Z","timestamp":1770860382000},"page":"1513-1524","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["Securing blood in crisis: Lessons from Japan's earthquake disasters and evolving preparedness"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-7619-6500","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Nelson H.","family":"Tsuno","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Nagano Blood Center  Nagano Japan"},{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Kanto\u2010Koshinetsu Block Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hitoshi","family":"Okazaki","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Central Blood Institute  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yutaka","family":"Nagura","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Transfusion Medicine The University of Tokyo  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoshikazu","family":"Maruyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Disaster Intelligence Office, Japanese Red Cross College of Nursing Disaster Management Research Institute  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yoichi","family":"Koyama","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Kanto\u2010Koshinetsu Block Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takeshi","family":"Ishii","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Kanto\u2010Koshinetsu Block Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Takaichi","family":"Otokuni","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Kanto\u2010Koshinetsu Block Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2951-3451","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Noriko","family":"Namba","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Tokyo Metropolitan Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-8244-075X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Tomohiko","family":"Sato","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Division of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy The Jikei University Hospital  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeyoshi","family":"Makino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Tokyo Metropolitan Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Kazuo","family":"Muroi","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Kanto\u2010Koshinetsu Block Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shigeki","family":"Miyata","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Kanto\u2010Koshinetsu Block Blood Center  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Shuichi","family":"Kino","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Japanese Red Cross Blood Services Headquarters  Tokyo Japan"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,2,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_17_2_1","unstructured":"National Geographic. Available from:https:\/\/education.nationalgeographic.org\/resource\/plate-tectonics-ring-fire\/. Last accessed 30 Jun 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_3_1","unstructured":"Cabinet Office Government of Japan.Disaster Management in Japan. Available from:https:\/\/www.bousai.go.jp\/1info\/pdf\/saigaipamphlet_je.pdf. Last accessed 30 Jun 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_17_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/gjtm.gjtm_56_22"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.hsr.2023.100087"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.29074\/ascls.30.4.250"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2016.09.007"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.12761"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.transci.2016.09.011"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tmrv.2012.07.001"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.13129"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13801"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_13_1","volume-title":"The great East Japan earthquake \u2013 the blood service response to the earthquake disaster","year":"2013"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_14_1","first-page":"e463","article-title":"Using drones to deliver blood products in Rwanda","volume":"10","author":"Amukele T","year":"2022","journal-title":"Lancet"},{"key":"e_1_2_17_15_1","unstructured":"U.S. Drone Company Zipline Starts Delivering Medicine in Japan. The Asahi Shimbun. Available from:https:\/\/www.asahi.com\/ajw\/articles\/14603994. 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