{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,9]],"date-time":"2026-09-09T22:15:10Z","timestamp":1788992110038,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":32,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"6","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/creativecommons.org\/licenses\/by\/4.0\/"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]],"date-time":"2026-03-09T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773014400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"funder":[{"DOI":"10.13039\/501100000272","name":"National Institute for Health and Care Research","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","award":["NIHR203338"],"award-info":[{"award-number":["NIHR203338"]}],"id":[{"id":"10.13039\/501100000272","id-type":"DOI","asserted-by":"publisher"}]}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The For the Assessment of Individualized Risk (FAIR) framework, introduced by NHS Blood and Transplant (NHSBT) in 2021, aims to reduce stigma and improve equity in blood donor selection, particularly for gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM). While pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective at preventing sexual transmission of human immunodeficiency virus, its declared use excludes individuals from blood donation. This study examined PrEP use among male blood donors with current or past syphilis in England to evaluate guideline compliance and implications for blood safety.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Residual plasma samples from syphilis\u2010positive male blood donors collected in 2023 were tested for PrEP. These data were combined with two previous studies of syphilis\u2010positive donors conducted between July 2018 and June 2024, incorporating demographics and reported PrEP use.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The rate of syphilis\u2010positive blood donations increased from 4.09 to 10.32 per 100,000 donations between 2018 and 2024 (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.048, Mann\u2013Kendall trend test) with a rising proportion of past syphilis cases attributed to GBMSM (18%\u201337%;\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.004, Fisher's test,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u20090.001 Mann\u2013Kendall test); 7.1% of syphilis\u2010positive blood samples from male blood donors tested positive for PrEP in 2023, indicating frequent non\u2010compliance with donation guidelines.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Persistent PrEP use among syphilis\u2010positive donors since 2018 suggests gaps in donor education regarding eligibility. Targeted public health interventions, particularly for younger GBMSM, are needed to strengthen sexual health education, PrEP messaging and awareness of donation criteria. Further research into other infections associated with high\u2010risk sexual behaviour is warranted.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70232","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,10]],"date-time":"2026-03-10T01:42:22Z","timestamp":1773106942000},"page":"770-778","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":1,"title":["<scp>Pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis<\/scp>\n                    use in blood donors in England"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7841-8106","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jaid","family":"Debrah","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Claire","family":"Reynolds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant\/UK Health Security Agency Epidemiology Unit NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0004-0766-8860","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Victoria","family":"Maddox","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Services NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0009-0008-8772-5755","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Shannah","family":"Secret","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Services NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"},{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hatice","family":"Baklan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Microbiology Services NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Alieu","family":"Amara","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Laura","family":"Else","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Peter","family":"Simmonds","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Nuffield Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-2856-0387","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Susan R.","family":"Brailsford","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"NHS Blood and Transplant\/UK Health Security Agency Epidemiology Unit NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"},{"name":"Microbiology Services NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Saye","family":"Khoo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Experimental Therapeutics, University of Liverpool  Liverpool UK"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Heli","family":"Harvala","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Radcliffe Department of Medicine University of Oxford  Oxford UK"},{"name":"Microbiology Services NHS Blood and Transplant  London UK"},{"name":"Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital  Turku Finland"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","unstructured":"Department of Health and Social Care.Landmark change to blood donation criteria.2020. GOV.UK. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/landmark-change-to-blood-donation-criteria. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"NHS Blood and Transplant UK Health Security Agency.Safe Supplies 2022: monitoring safety in donors and recipients. Joint working between NHS Blood and Transplant and UK Health Security Agency.2022. Available from:https:\/\/nhsbtdbe.blob.core.windows.net\/umbraco-assets-corp\/32414\/safe-supplies-2022_monitoring-safety-in-donors-and-recipients_accessible.pdf. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/sextrans-2021-054981"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2807\/1560-7917.ES.2023.28.11.2300135"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency.Tracking the syphilis epidemic in England: 2013 to 2023.2024. GOV.UK. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/tracking-the-syphilis-epidemic-in-england\/tracking-the-syphilis-epidemic-in-england-2013-to-2023#fig6. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2214-109X(21)00221-7"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2217\/fmb.14.110"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","unstructured":"Public Health England.Health matters: preventing STIs.2019. GOV.UK. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/publications\/health-matters-preventing-stis\/health-matters-preventing-stis#scale-of-the-problem. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-021-03266-0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2016.5148"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","unstructured":"UK Health Security Agency.HIV testing PrEP new HIV diagnoses and care outcomes for people accessing HIV services: 2024 report.2024. GOV.UK. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/statistics\/hiv-annual-data-tables\/hiv-testing-prep-new-hiv-diagnoses-and-care-outcomes-for-people-accessing-hiv-services-2024-report#new-hiv-diagnoses-1. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","unstructured":"Medicines and Healthcare products Regulatory Agency.New cabotegravir formulations approved to help prevent HIV\u20101 infection in adults and adolescents.2024. GOV.UK. Available from:https:\/\/www.gov.uk\/government\/news\/new-cabotegravir-formulations-approved-to-help-prevent-hiv-1-infection-in-adults-and-adolescents. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1056\/NEJMoa1011205"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(23)00256-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12993"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2468-2667(22)00106-2"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1001\/jama.2019.2947"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0268670"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(17)30089-9"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/S2352-3018(19)30136-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","article-title":"Questioning risk compensation: pre\u2010exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) and sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men, capital region of Denmark, 2019 to 2022","volume":"29","author":"Schreeb S","year":"2024","journal-title":"Euro Surveill"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAI.0b013e3182829bd0"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.17941"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/hiv.13492"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","unstructured":"HuntR DickS.Stonewall serves you right: lesbians and gay people's expectations of discrimination.2008. 13\u20135. Available from:https:\/\/image.guardian.co.uk\/sys-files\/Guardian\/documents\/2008\/03\/31\/ServesYouRight.pdf. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3399\/bjgp18X694841"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","unstructured":"BachmannCL GoochB.LGBT in Britain\u2013health report.2018. Available from:https:\/\/files.stonewall.org.uk\/production\/files\/lgbt_in_britain_health.pdf?dm=1724230505. Last accessed 4 Mar 2025."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0000000000003143"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12889-021-10174-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s10461-017-1972-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.18275"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","volume-title":"Recommendations for evaluating donor eligibility using individual risk\u2010based questions to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus transmission by blood and blood products","author":"U.S. Food and Drug Administration","year":"2023"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70232","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vox.70232","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70232","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:23:17Z","timestamp":1781137397000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.70232"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]},"references-count":32,"journal-issue":{"issue":"6","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,6]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.70232"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.70232","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,9]]}}}