{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,7,13]],"date-time":"2026-07-13T01:08:52Z","timestamp":1783904932039,"version":"3.55.0"},"reference-count":42,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"7","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]],"date-time":"2026-03-18T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1773792000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,7]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Systematic evaluations of blood discard patterns remain limited. We analysed decade\u2010long discard trends at a representative blood establishment to identify quality improvement opportunities.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Discard data for blood products collected from 1 January 2015 to 31 December 2024 were obtained from the Beijing Red Cross Blood Center, classifying discards as test\u2010related or non\u2010test\u2010related. Pareto charts identified major drivers of discard, and  and Cochran\u2013Armitage trend tests were used.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      The overall discard rate averaged 3.050%, peaking at 4.398% in 2021 before declining to 2.410% in 2024 (\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u22126.111,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Non\u2010test\u2010related discards increased significantly from 0.720% in 2015 to 2.636% in 2021 (mean: 1.118%\/year;\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u200926.478,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001), before recovering to below pre\u2010pandemic levels by 2024. Test\u2010related discards decreased significantly from 2.254% in 2015 to 1.663% in 2020 and continued to decrease through 2024 (mean: 1.921%\/year;\n                      <jats:italic>Z<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009=\u2009\u221227.454,\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.0001). Major discard drivers included lipaemic blood retest (LBR) in plasma, crossmatch incompatibility (CI) in red blood cell (RBC) products and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) retest failure. Plasma bag leakage (BL), platelet visual inspection abnormality (VIA), expired units and\n                      <jats:italic>Treponema pallidum<\/jats:italic>\n                      antibody (TP\u2010Ab) and hepatitis C virus antibody (HCV\u2010Ab) test\u2010related discards, all showed significant downward trends (\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.001).\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Divergent trends between test\u2010related discards (declining from 2.254% to 1.663%) and non\u2010test\u2010related discards (increasing from 0.720% to 2.636%) indicate that although laboratory screening has improved substantially, greater attention is needed to optimize collection, processing and handling practices.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70247","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,19]],"date-time":"2026-03-19T01:51:47Z","timestamp":1773885107000},"page":"971-981","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Application and retrospective analysis of the indicator system for non\u2010conforming blood products in Beijing"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Dong","family":"Zhang","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Quality Control Beijing Red Cross Blood Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Li","family":"Chen","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Quality Control Beijing Red Cross Blood Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Lingling","family":"Yang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Quality Control Beijing Red Cross Blood Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaoyan","family":"Gong","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Quality Control Beijing Red Cross Blood Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Zhuoyan","family":"Wang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Quality Control Beijing Red Cross Blood Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-5041-088X","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Yunyi","family":"Gao","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Department of Blood Quality Control Beijing Red Cross Blood Center  Beijing China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,3,18]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2824.2011.01432.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70036"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12418"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/voxs.12236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2010.02679.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCP42WMHSSTPHXI"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4103\/0973-6247.95045"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1016\/j.tracli.2020.06.010"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1751-2824.2012.01584.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","first-page":"207","article-title":"Quality indicators for transfusion medicine in Spain: a survey among hospital transfusion services","volume":"15","author":"Romon I","year":"2017","journal-title":"Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1309\/AJCPM8FACVC0RPRG"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","volume-title":"National Blood Service System Development Plan (2021\u20132025)","author":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","year":"2021"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","volume-title":"Technical operating procedures for blood stations (2019 edition)","author":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","year":"2019"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","volume-title":"Quality requirements for whole blood and blood components (GB18469\u20102012)","author":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","year":"2012"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","volume-title":"Guidelines for quality monitoring of whole blood and blood components (WS\/T550\u20102017)","author":"National Health Commission of the People's Republic of China","year":"2017"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","volume-title":"ST\u2010002 ISBT 128 standard terminology for medical products of human origin. 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