{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,8,10]],"date-time":"2026-08-10T02:28:55Z","timestamp":1786328935247,"version":"build-2736575974"},"reference-count":19,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"8","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1778198400000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,8]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Several Tanzanian regions fall short of annual whole blood donation targets. Understanding what motivates first\u2010time and repeat donors, and whether certain recruitment and retention strategies may affect blood safety, is essential to improving retention and ensuring a safe blood supply. This study aimed to identify variables associated with pre\u2010donation deferral, donor retention and transfusion\u2010transmitted infection (TTI) prevalence in Tanzanian (candidate) blood donors.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Between February and April 2023, 1471 (candidate) donors were surveyed at 43 mobile blood collections across 5 Tanzanian regions to collect data on socio\u2010demographics, motivations, incentives received after donation and recruitment methods used. Multivariable logistic regression modelling was performed on a dataset of 675 participants to identify predictors of pre\u2010donation deferral, retention and TTI rates.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      Pre\u2010donation deferral was more likely among females, first\u2010time donors, those recruited via multiple methods and those attending collections at public places (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Donor retention was positively associated with increasing age, having received an incentive and donating at Nyarugusu refugee camp (all\n                      <jats:italic>p<\/jats:italic>\n                      \u2009&lt;\u20090.05). Donors mainly motivated by receiving test results had significantly higher TTI rates than those wanting to save lives. TTI rates were lower in those donating at schools\/universities and Nyarugusu compared to public places.\n                    <\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>This study revealed multiple important predictors of pre\u2010donation deferral, retention and TTI rates in Tanzanian (candidate) blood donors. Further research is needed to identify the most effective donor recruitment and retention strategies and to assess the value of targeting specific populations for a more stable blood supply in Tanzania.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70286","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]],"date-time":"2026-05-08T14:03:21Z","timestamp":1778249001000},"page":"1138-1146","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Factors influencing candidate blood donors' deferral, retention and blood safety in Tanzania: A prospective cross\u2010sectional study"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0002-6695-6019","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Jorien","family":"Laermans","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Michiel","family":"Jennes","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cooperation Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Hans","family":"Scheers","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Nathalie","family":"Bergs","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cooperation Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Ambre","family":"Parisse","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cooperation Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Sigrid","family":"De Lepeleire","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cooperation Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Florine","family":"Fisette","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"International Cooperation Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0003-4498-9781","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Emmy","family":"De Buck","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Centre for Evidence\u2010Based Practice Belgian Red Cross\u2010Flanders  Mechelen Belgium"},{"name":"Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Faculty of Medicine KU Leuven  Leuven Belgium"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,5,8]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","volume-title":"World Health Organization model list of essential medicines \u2013 23rd list, 2023. The selection and use of essential medicines 2023: executive summary of the report of the 24th WHO expert committee on the selection and use of essential medicines, 24\u201328 April 2023","author":"Web Annex A","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Global status report on blood safety and availability 2021.2022. Geneva. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789240051683. Last accessed 4 May 2026."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","unstructured":"World Health Organization.Towards 100% voluntary blood donation: a global framework for action.2010. Geneva. Available from:https:\/\/www.who.int\/publications\/i\/item\/9789241599696. Last accessed 4 May 2026."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","unstructured":"Tanzania NBTS.Annual report.2019. Dar es Salaam NBTS."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/bjh.14588"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70013"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","article-title":"Barriers and drivers of voluntary blood donation in Northern and Western Tanzania [version 1; peer review: 3 approved with reservations, 2 not approved]","volume":"5","author":"Finda F","year":"2022","journal-title":"AAS Open Res"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","first-page":"345","article-title":"Attitudes and beliefs about blood donation among adults in Mwanza Region, Tanzania","volume":"72","author":"Jacobs B","year":"1995","journal-title":"East Afr Med J"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/tme.12988"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1136\/bmj.39335.541782.AD"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","volume-title":"R: a language and environment for statistical computing","author":"R Core Team","year":"2023"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.4314\/thrb.v26i1.6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12878-018-0130-3"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0249061"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0206487"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1155\/2016\/8546803"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/1471-2458-6-21"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","unstructured":"American Red Cross.Music dancing and mobilizing for health. Available from:https:\/\/www.redcross.org\/about\u2010us\/news\u2010and\u2010events\/news\/Music\u2010Dancing\u2010and\u2010Mobilizing\u2010for\u2010Health.html?srsltid=AfmBOoqVtjDiYPOQOYwLyjP8L8N3PD46udjkOT0JWWgx1wl6cwE8ndUo. 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