{"status":"ok","message-type":"work","message-version":"1.0.0","message":{"indexed":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T22:19:00Z","timestamp":1789165140189,"version":"build-2803163510"},"reference-count":34,"publisher":"Wiley","issue":"9","license":[{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"vor","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/termsAndConditions#vor"},{"start":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T00:00:00Z","timestamp":1781136000000},"content-version":"tdm","delay-in-days":0,"URL":"http:\/\/doi.wiley.com\/10.1002\/tdm_license_1.1"}],"content-domain":{"domain":[],"crossmark-restriction":false},"short-container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]},"abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract<\/jats:title>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background and Objectives<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV\u20101) prevalence among Chinese blood donors has risen over recent decades, showing marked regional variation. Yet molecular epidemiology data among Chinese donors remain limited.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Materials and Methods<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>From 2011 to 2024, blood donations in Dalian, Liaoning Province, were screened using HIV antibody and antigen tests combined with multiplex nucleic acid testing. HIV\u20101 infection rates, molecular characteristics, genetic diversity, drug resistance and donor socio\u2010demographics were analysed. Partial HIV\u20101 pol sequences were evaluated for drug resistance mutations (DRMs) using the Stanford HIV Drug Resistance Database algorithm.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>The HIV\u20101 infection rate peaked at 55.3 per 100,000 donations in 2013 and stabilized at 12\u201321 per 100,000 in recent years. Most infected donors were young, male, single and first\u2010time donors. Sexual transmission predominated, particularly among men who have sex with men (MSM) (49.8%), of whom 33.8% were repeat donors. Genetic analysis revealed substantial subtype diversity, dominated by CRF01_AE and CRF07_BC, with unique recombinant forms and occasional non\u2010Asian subtypes. Molecular clustering suggested possible test\u2010seeking behaviour. Notably, 6.8% of HIV\u2010positive samples harboured DRMs, mainly against non\u2010nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, indicating sporadic transmission of resistant strains.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusion<\/jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>These findings underscore the need for strengthened pre\u2010donation education and sustained HIV molecular surveillance to protect blood safety and inform public health strategies.<\/jats:p>\n                  <\/jats:sec>","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.70309","type":"journal-article","created":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]],"date-time":"2026-06-11T07:44:43Z","timestamp":1781163883000},"page":"1366-1375","source":"Crossref","is-referenced-by-count":0,"title":["Evolving\n                    <scp>HIV<\/scp>\n                    \u20101 epidemiology, drug resistance and socio\u2010demographics among blood donors in Dalian, Northeastern China, 2011\u20132024"],"prefix":"10.1111","volume":"121","author":[{"given":"Xuelian","family":"Deng","sequence":"first","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Blood Center  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohan","family":"Guo","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Blood Center  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaochun","family":"Liu","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Blood Center  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Liang","family":"Zang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Blood Center  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Yaxin","family":"Fan","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Blood Center  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"given":"Xiaohua","family":"Liang","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Dalian Blood Center  Dalian People's Republic of China"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]},{"ORCID":"https:\/\/orcid.org\/0000-0001-7738-5373","authenticated-orcid":false,"given":"Daniel","family":"Candotti","sequence":"additional","affiliation":[{"name":"Institut Mondor \u2010 INSERM U955 Team \u2018Viruses, Hepatology, Cancer\u2019, and Department of Virology, Henri Mondor Hospital (AP\u2010HP) University Paris\u2010Est  Cr\u00e9teil France"}],"role":[{"vocabulary":"crossref","role":"author"}]}],"member":"311","published-online":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"reference":[{"key":"e_1_2_9_2_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1007\/s11904-019-00471-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_3_1","first-page":"247","article-title":"Analysis of HIV epidemic and prospects for prevention and control in China","volume":"29","author":"Han M","year":"2023","journal-title":"Chin J AIDS STD"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_4_1","first-page":"5","article-title":"Progress towards the 90\u201390\u201390 targets for controlling HIV, China, 2018","volume":"1","author":"Zhao Y","year":"2019","journal-title":"China CDC Wkly"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_5_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/j.1537-2995.2012.03940.x"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_6_1","first-page":"22","volume-title":"China blood transfusion technical operating procedures (blood Bank section)","author":"Ministry of Health of the People's Republic of China","year":"1998"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_7_1","unstructured":"National Health and Family Planning Commission.Blood bank technical operating procedures (updated 2015). 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Last accessed 18 Jun 2019\u00a0(in Chinese)."},{"key":"e_1_2_9_8_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1002\/jmv.29599"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_9_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/vox.13107"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_10_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/QAD.0b013e32835461b5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_11_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2006.0094"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_12_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1177\/135965350801302S03"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_13_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15656"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_14_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/s41598-020-64463-w"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_15_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0179328"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_16_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1097\/ID9.0000000000000126"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_17_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.2147\/IJGM.S397236"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_18_1","first-page":"180","article-title":"Population characteristics and trends among HIV\u2010positive voluntary blood donors in Guangzhou, 2012\u20132022","volume":"37","author":"Tian Y","year":"2024","journal-title":"Chin J Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_19_1","first-page":"123","article-title":"Analysis of HIV infection status among voluntary blood donors in Xiamen, 2008\u20132017","volume":"9","author":"Huang L","year":"2018","journal-title":"China Health Stand Manag"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_20_1","first-page":"440","article-title":"HIV infection and characteristics among voluntary blood donors in Jinan, China, 2016\u20132021","volume":"36","author":"Chen P","year":"2023","journal-title":"J Clin Hematol"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_21_1","first-page":"651","article-title":"Analysis of HIV screening results among student blood donors in Tianjin colleges, 2012\u20132021","volume":"35","author":"Shi C","year":"2022","journal-title":"Chin J Blood Transfus"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_22_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1111\/trf.15636"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_23_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1017\/S0950268818003400"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_24_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fpubh.2022.1015699"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_25_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-025-11184-y"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_26_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-021-01653-6"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_27_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1038\/srep19279"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_28_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2016.0028"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_29_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1371\/journal.pone.0110738"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_30_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12985-019-1162-4"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_31_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.46234\/ccdcw2023.129"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_32_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.3389\/fmicb.2024.1475548"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_33_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s40249-020-00668-5"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_34_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1089\/aid.2020.0056"},{"key":"e_1_2_9_35_1","doi-asserted-by":"publisher","DOI":"10.1186\/s12879-022-07734-3"}],"container-title":["Vox Sanguinis"],"original-title":[],"language":"en","link":[{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70309","content-type":"application\/pdf","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/full-xml\/10.1111\/vox.70309","content-type":"application\/xml","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"text-mining"},{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/pdf\/10.1111\/vox.70309","content-type":"unspecified","content-version":"vor","intended-application":"similarity-checking"}],"deposited":{"date-parts":[[2026,9,11]],"date-time":"2026-09-11T21:58:57Z","timestamp":1789163937000},"score":1,"resource":{"primary":{"URL":"https:\/\/onlinelibrary.wiley.com\/doi\/10.1111\/vox.70309"}},"subtitle":[],"short-title":[],"issued":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]},"references-count":34,"journal-issue":{"issue":"9","published-print":{"date-parts":[[2026,9]]}},"alternative-id":["10.1111\/vox.70309"],"URL":"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/vox.70309","archive":["Portico"],"relation":{},"ISSN":["0042-9007","1423-0410"],"issn-type":[{"value":"0042-9007","type":"print"},{"value":"1423-0410","type":"electronic"}],"subject":[],"published":{"date-parts":[[2026,6,11]]}}}